Navas 28800 Modem FAQ IWAY 500 Winner NAVAS 28800 MODEM FAQ [MODEM PICTURE] (Answers to Frequently Asked Questions) BREAKING NEWS Hayes emerges from Bankruptcy[1] and hires new CEO[2] [new 4/18/96] WinFax PRO 7.0 for Windows 95 makes TAPI a reality[3] [new 4/11/96] Quarterdeck acquires Datastorm (developer of Procomm)[4] [new 3/28/96] Hayes releases Windows 95 drivers for ESP board[5] Microsoft releases Unimodem V driver for Windows 95[6] Hilgraeve offers free upgrade for Windows 95 HyperTerminal[7] Penril introduces 33600 modem[8] Motorola introduces Premier 33.6[9] 33600 upgrade for certain USR Sportster 28800 models[10] USRobotics changes Sportster S-registers[11] AT&T bails out of consumer modems[12] Diamond Multimedia acquires Supra[13] FIFO problem still exists in SMC "multi-I/O" chips[14] ZyXEL[15] releases long-awaited V.34 modem (ISDN-upgradable Elite 2864[16]) Motorola Lifestyle and Power Class modems can damage your serial port.[17] Copyright 1995-1996 John Navas, All Rights Reserved. Updated: Thursday, April 18, 1996. Permission is granted to copy for private non-commercial use only. Posted as http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html[18]. Copies of this document in either hypertext (HTML) or plain text format may be obtained by email from an "agora" server (e.g., agora@kamakura.mss.co.jp[19]) or from web-mail[20]. For information on agora, send an email message to an agora server with a body of "help"; for information on web-mail, send a blank email message to web-mail@ebay.com[21]. Please note: The author has no present connection with any modem company (other than as a customer), and does not endorse the products of any company. This information was compiled by the author and is provided as a public service. Neither the author nor any organization mentioned herein are responsible for any errors or omissions, or for any consequential problems that might result. USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Please note: The author does not have the time to give individual technical support, so please do not email requests for assistance. Instead, post them on the Usenet newsgroup comp.dcom.modems[22]. Thank you. Email comments and suggestions to JNavas@NavasGrp.com[23] Button[24] [The Navas Group home page[25]] ___________________________________ CONTENTS Why don't I get 28800 bps speed on my connections?[26] What's the difference between V.FC and V.34? What's next?[27] What are split/asymmetric speeds?[28] What is Selective Reject (SREJ)?[29] Do I need a 16550 UART? What is a UART?[30] Where can I get a 16550 UART?[31] Why am I getting CRC errors (overruns)?[32] [updated 3/29/96] What's wrong with my dialup SLIP/PPP connection?[33] Any Trumpet Winsock tips?[34] Where can I get updated video drivers?[35] [updated 4/11/96] Where can I get updated disk/SCSI drivers?[36] [updated 4/9/96] Why 1024 bytes for the Windows COM buffer?[37] What is "retraining"?[38] What are "fall-back" and "fall-forward"?[39] How do I set a speed greater than 19200 bps in Windows?[40] What about third-party comm drivers for Windows?[41] How can I share a modem between data and WinFax?[42] How can I display the status of an internal modem under Windows?[43] Why does Windows lock up when I access my modem?[44] Why can't I get back on-line after I escape to command mode?[45] What are the best (data/fax) comm programs for Windows?[46] Why do I sometimes have problems connecting?[47] Why do I sometimes get abruptly disconnected?[48] Why do connections sometimes seem to run slower and slower?[49] What is Distinctive Ring?[50] [new 4/11/96] How can I use a single phone for fax/data/voice?[51] [new 4/11/96] What is Caller ID?[52] [new 4/11/96] How do I shut off Call Waiting?[53] [new 4/11/96] How do I keep my data/fax call from being interrupted?[54] [new 4/11/96] Does USR Adaptive Answer work with Procomm Plus for Windows?[55] Any other USRobotics tips?[56] Any other Windows 3.x tips?[57] What are "voice" modems?[58] What is ISDN?[59] [updated 4/9/96] What are "cable modems?"[60] [updated 3/29/96] What are ADSL, SDSL, and HDSL?[61] Any Windows 95 tips? What is TAPI? What is Plug and Play?[62] [updated 4/11/96] Any other sources of related information?[63] How can I connect my modem to a digital phone system?[64] What modem initialization string should I use?[65] Where can I get information on my Rockwell-based modem?[66] [updated 4/11/96] What about magazine reviews?[67] Which 28800 modem should I buy?[68] [updated 3/29/96] Where can I get a good deal on a modem?[69] Which modem companies have a full Internet presence? Archtek Telecom[70] Best Data[71] Boca Research[72] Cardinal Technologies[73] Creative Labs[74] Diamond Multimedia[75] Global Village[76] GVC (MaxTech)[77] Hayes (and PPI)[78] [updated 4/18/96] Intertex[79] Logicode (Quicktel)[80] [new 4/11/96] MaxTech (GVC)[81] Megahertz[82] Microcom[83] miro Computer Products[84] Motorola ISG[85] Multi-Tech[86] Penril[87] Supra[88] Telebit[89] USRobotics[90] [updated 4/1/96] Zoom[91] ZyXEL[92] [updated 4/18/96] ___________________________________ Why don't I get 28800 bps speed on my connections? If you are unable to get connections at 28800 with your V.FC/V.34 modem, here are the probable causes and what you may be able to do about them. If you consistently connect at 26400 or above, consider yourself fortunate -- it's simply not possible to go faster than that on many phone circuits. (This is not false modem advertising -- 28800 modems are designed to wring as much speed out of the actual real-world connection as possible, and 28800 speed is only possible on a near-perfect connection.) Even if you consistently connect at lower speeds (e.g., 24000 or even 21600), there may be little you can do, but you can at least try the following: Make sure that your serial port is locked at 38400 or higher (57600 recommended). This is usually set within your comm application, not the Windows Control Panel (see "How do I set a speed greater than 19200 bps in Windows?[93]"). Try connecting to known good 28800 numbers (e.g., Hayes at 800-"US-HAYES; Multi-Tech at 800/392-2432; USR at 708/982-5092). This will at least tell you whether the problem is at your end or the other end of the connection. (The USR number is particularly useful, because you can get an on-line reading of connection quality from a USR BBS command.) Watch out for dialin numbers that are being forwarded to a distant location. It's a "dirty little secret" that many BBS (bulletin board systems) and ISP (Internet service providers) use Call Forwarding to extend their local calling areas. (Where location A to location C is a toll call, and an intermediate location B is local to both A and C, Call Forwarding from B to C effectively makes A to C a local call.) Although this can work fairly well at lower speeds (e.g., 14400), the extra connection hop(s) can degrade the signal enough to limit higher speeds (even as compared to a direct long distance call). If possible, test for premises problems by disconnecting all your premises wiring (and equipment) from the incoming telco terminating block, and hooking your modem directly to it. If your connections are better, you have a premises problem that you may be able to isolate and fix. Premises problems (faulty wiring and/or equipment like cheap phones and fax machines) are a frequent cause of 28800 connection problems. If that doesn't help, listen carefully to the quality of your voice connections. Note that you must dial a known quiet number, since many otherwise good phone lines exhibit excessive noise until you actually connect. (Dialing a single digit is not enough.) After you connect, if you hear more than very faint hiss and/or hum, then you probably have a line problem. While a quiet line is important, there are other line problems that can reduce your speed: bandwidth (frequency response), distortion, etc. It is difficult to test for these problems without proper test equipment, but it's still a good idea to listen carefully for audible problems, particularly if you can find a number that will send you test tones. You may be able to get your phone company to improve the quality of your line. Since phone companies are often reluctant or even unwilling to work on data problems, it may help to report that you are also having fax problems. Or you can try asking for a data or fax "specialist." Ideally you want the service technician to bring the right kind of test equipment, a sophisticated line or transmission test set, not just the normal basic tester. It may also help to ask for a BERT (bit error rate tester) or "data test set." Sometimes switching to a different cable pair from the CO (central office) will help. In extreme cases the author has resorted to ordering a new line, making sure that it is good when installed, and then canceling the old line. You may be told that you need a special "data" line, more properly called a "conditioned" circuit, which is considerably more expensive than a standard "voice-grade" circuit. Don't waste your money. All you need is a good quality "voice-grade" circuit. A final note: Add-on noise filters will not help -- they are the modem equivalent of snake oil. Your 28800 modem already has all the filtering it can use. An add-on filter will do nothing at best, and it may well make things worse. Button[94] [Return to top[95]] ___________________________________ What's the difference between V.FC and V.34? What's next? V.FC A proprietary specification for speeds up to 28800 bps, based on an early draft of the V.34 standard, that was rushed to market by modem chipset leader Rockwell International[96]. It works reasonably well, but lacks the sophistication and robustness of V.34; for example, V.FC does not support split speeds[97]. Many (but not all) V.FC modems are upgradable to V.34, but the modem typically has to be returned to the manufacturer for a "datapump" change. V.FC-only modems will not connect above 14400 bps to V.34 modems that lack V.FC support. With the advent of V.34, V.FC is rapidly fading as modems are upgraded. In the opinion of the author there is now little or no reason to get a modem that has V.FC but not V.34, although until V.FC fades completely there will still be a significant advantage to a modem that supports both V.34 and V.FC. V.34[98] A true international standard for speeds up to 28800 bps that is more sophisticated and robust than V.FC. Some (but not all) V.34 implementations support split speeds[99]. Extensions to V.34 for additional speeds up to 33600 (on extraordinarily good connections) have been drafted and are expected to be approved in 1996, although early products are already starting to appear from some companies (e.g., USRobotics[100]). V.34 is rapidly replacing V.FC in the marketplace. V.34-only modems will not connect above 14400 bps to V.FC-only modems. In the opinion of the author V.34 is clearly the modem standard of choice. It may well prove to be the last widely-supported analog modem standard. 28800-33600 fax Fax is currently limited to 14400 bps. Efforts are underway to define a 28800-33600 bps fax specification, which would probably be widely adopted. However, general availability is probably a few years away. Voice See "What are "voice" modems?[101]" Plug and Play[102] See "What is Plug and Play[103]" ISDN[104] See "What is ISDN?[105]" "Cable modems" See What are "cable modems?"[106] ADSL/SDSL/HDSL See "What are ADSL, SDSL, and HDSL?[107]" Universal Serial Bus A better way to connect a modem to your computer than the conventional UART or parallel port. (See "What is a UART?[108]") Expected to become a standard feature of many chipsets and motherboards (e.g., those manufactured by Intel) and operating systems (e.g., Windows 95), although USB is not yet available. (See "Universal Serial Bus Home Page[109]") See "Modems: the make-it-happen machines for the ultimately wired of the 90's[110]" Button[111] [Return to top[112]] ___________________________________ What are split/asymmetric speeds? In the past, most standard modems were only capable of transmitting and receiving at the same speed. (The exceptions were proprietary modems such as the USR HST that used greatly different transmit and receive speeds.) Since most connections were made at the maximum speed, there was little reason to support different transmit and receive speeds. With the advent of speeds up to 28800 bps that is no longer true. It's now quite common to have a connection where at least one (and often both) speeds must be limited to less than 28800 bps, and it's not uncommon to find that a connection will support faster speed in one direction than the other. (One reason is that send and receive channels are separated for transmission between telephone switching offices.) Having been designed to optimize performance over a wide variety of conditions, V.34 includes an optional specification for asymmetric (differing or split) transmit and receive speeds. For example, a connection might support a transmit speed of 28800 bps but a receive speed of only 26400 bps; without split speed, the speed in both directions would have to be limited to 26400 bps. For this reason split speed capability is a worthwhile and desirable feature. Not all V.34-compliant modems support split speeds. For example, at the time of this writing most "glue 'n go" Rockwell V.34 clones, do not support split speeds. On the other hand, others, including all USR V.34 modems (Sportster 28800/33600 as well as the Courier V.34), Supra, and Motorola, do support split speeds. Button[113] [Return to top[114]] ___________________________________ What is Selective Reject (SREJ)? Selective Reject (SREJ) is an optional, advanced LAPM (V.42) error correction capability that allows the receiving modem to request retransmission of a given block while continuing to receive later blocks; i.e., to receive the retransmission late (out of order). Without it, the entire transmission has to start over at the retransmitted block, which can result in later blocks being resent unnecessarily. Hence, Selective Reject can improve throughput where there is a significant error rate, particularly over links with long delays (e.g., satellite links). Not all modems support Selective Reject, which is typically found only in high-end products. Button[115] [Return to top[116]] ___________________________________ Do I need a 16550 UART? What is a UART? A UART (an acronym for Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) is simply an interface chip. Your computer needs one to "talk" over a serial connection to serial devices such as serial printers and modems. Each serial device needs a UART chip to "talk" to your computer, even modems that are installed inside your computer. In computer terms the UART is very old technology. We continue to use them because we own so much software that depends on there being a specific kind of UART. Efforts to replace the UART and its particular serial architecture are ongoing (e.g., Universal Serial Bus[117]), but it's doubtful that the UART will be replaced anytime soon. There are many types of UART chips, but only two main types that are used in IBM-compatible personal computers: 8250/16450. Major weaknesses of the 8250 and 16450 are a lack of built-in flow control, and buffers that can only hold a single character. This means that the UART must be promptly serviced by the system processor each time a character is received, or that character will be wiped out by the following character, a condition called "overrun." (See "Why am I getting CRC errors (overruns) when downloading?[118]") 8250/8250A. The 8250 is the UART used in the original IBM PC. "Urban legends" notwithstanding, the 8250 and the improved 8250A are capable of speeds up to 115,200 bps. 16450. Slightly improved over the 8250, the main advantage of the 16450 is that it works better on computers with higher internal speeds. From a functional standpoint, however, it is essentially indistinguishable from the 8250, and suffers from the same weaknesses. 16550. A substantial advance over the 8250/16450, the 16550 has both a fully 8250-compatible mode and a newer mode that provides 16-character FIFO (an acronym for First In, First Out) buffers. When the old mode is enabled, it works just like an 8250; when the newer mode is enabled, the FIFO buffers greatly extend the time available for responding to incoming characters. The receive FIFO buffer has a variable threshold that can be set to values of 1, 4, 8, or 14 characters, with higher numbers giving less time to respond before the 16-character FIFO buffer is full; on the other hand, higher numbers can give slightly better performance, by allowing the system to process incoming characters in larger "chunks." A good rule of thumb is a threshold of 8 characters. (See "What about third-party comm drivers for Windows?[119]") Most (but not all) internal modems come with a 16550 UART. 16550. Certain versions of the original 16550 were buggy. It is best to avoid them. 16550A. Improved version of the 16550. Later types, the 16550AF and 16550AFN, are essentially indistinguishable, but even less likely to be buggy. These are the UARTs of choice. Look for the National Semiconductor[120] brand. 16552. Two improved 16550 UARTs in a single package. Clones. More recent designs typically package UART functionality (often two of them) in a single "multi-I/O" chip. Many of them work very well; however, some of them are buggy. (See "Why does Windows lock up when I try to access my modem?[121]") Some internal modems emulate UARTs with on-board logic rather than using actual UART chips; these products can provide more effective buffering than a conventional UART. More advanced UARTs (e.g., 32-character FIFO buffers, built-in flow control) are becoming available, but they are generally not needed. Parallel modem interfaces and the Hayes ESP card are alternatives to UARTs, but they require special drivers and provide no significant advantage over the 16550A in the opinion of the author. In general, a single-task operating system like MS-DOS can get by with an 8250/16450 UART with serial port speeds of 19200-57600 bps (depending on the speed of the system processor) and well-written software. This is usually adequate for even a 28800 bps modem. However, a multitasking operating system like Windows, OS/2, or UNIX, will usually need a 16550 UART. (Nevertheless, if you are stuck with an 8250/16450, you can probably still use a 28800 bps modem if you are careful.) You can tell what kind of UART chip you have by running Microsoft's MSD[122] (which comes with Windows), being sure to run it outside of Windows. (The reason is that Windows can hide the true state of the UART from MSD.) The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a better way to connect a modem to your computer than the conventional UART or parallel port. USB is expected to become a standard feature of many chipsets and motherboards (e.g., those manufactured by Intel) and operating systems (e.g., Windows 95), although it is not yet available. (See "Universal Serial Bus Home Page[123]") Button[124] [Return to top[125]] ___________________________________ Where can I get a 16550 UART? If your 8250 or 16450 UART is a single chip mounted in a socket, it is easy to replace it with a 16550 UART chip. At the time of this writing WH Networks[126] was selling real 16550 UART chips for US$10 each. (Replacement of "multi-I/O" chips is usually not practical.) If you only need serial and parallel ports, Quickpath makes a good, albeit pricey, "multi-I/O" card called the "4 Serial 2 Parallel" that is available at retail (e.g., $100 at Central Computer in Santa Clara, CA, 408/248-5888), featuring: Four serial ports with high IRQ support that use real 16552 chips. Two parallel ports Quickpath also makes a more complete, albeit pricey, "multi-I/O" card called the "Port-Folio 550E" that is available at retail (e.g., $120 at NCA Computer Products in Sunnyvale, CA, 408/739-9010) Pros: Four serial ports with high IRQ support that use real 16552 chips Two parallel ports Four floppy support IDE and game port Con: Floppy support is only 1.44 Mb, not 2.88 Mb (inexcusable in a product at this price in the opinion of the author) Another good high-end "multi-I/O" card is the GSI Model 32, also available at retail (e.g., $120 at NCA Computer Products in Sunnyvale, CA, 408/739-9010). Pros: Two serial ports with (limited) high IRQ support that use a real 16552 chip One bi-directional parallel port Supports four floppies, up to 2.88 Mb (4 Mb unformatted), with drive remapping Enhanced IDE support for two drives (including large drives) On-board Flash BIOS Con: BIOS, IDE, and floppy support cannot be disabled A source of low-cost I/O cards with 16550-type UARTs is: Byte Runner Technologies 406 Monitor Lane Knoxville, TN 37922 voice: 800/274-7897 or 615/966-3667 fax: 615/675-3458 The "T-9004 Plus" ($32 plus a modest shipping charge) features: Two 16550-compatible serial ports (COM1-4) with high IRQ support One EPP/ECP bi-directional parallel port (IRQ 7 or 5) Supports two floppies, up to 2.88 Mb (4 Mb unformatted) Legacy header for (separate) PCI IDE controller But see warning below SIIG (Fremont, CA) makes I/O cards that are available at retail (e.g., $70 at Fry's Electronics in Fremont, CA, 510/770-3797). The "IDE Professional" (Model 2404) features: Two 16550-compatible serial ports (COM1-4) with high IRQ support One EPP/ECP bi-directional parallel port (IRQ 7 or 5) Supports two floppies, up to 2.88 Mb (4 Mb unformatted) IDE controller (hard disk or CD-ROM, primary or secondary channel) Game port But see warning below Pros of the Byte Runner and SIIG cards: High IRQ support makes it a lot easier to have a serial mouse and more than one modem. EPP/ECP parallel ports can be a lot faster than slow, old-style parallel ports. 2.88 Mb floppy support can make your "floppy tape" (e.g., HP/CMS Jumbo 250/350) twice as fast as 1.44 Mb. Con of the Byte Runner and SIIG cards: Both use the SMC[127] FDC37C666GT "multi-I/O" chip, which can cause lockups under Windows 3.1. (Warning: see "Why does Windows lock up when I try to access my modem?[128]") Button[129] [Return to top[130]] ___________________________________ Why am I getting CRC errors (overruns)? [updated 3/29/96] CRC errors (e.g., as reported by ZMODEM), particularly when downloading, are usually a sign of overrun (incoming data that is lost because the computer is unable to process it in time). Overrun can result from a variety of causes. The following are suggestions on how to avoid CRC/overrun errors (particularly in Windows 3.1): Use a 16550A UART. (See "Do I need a 16550 UART? What is a UART?[131]" and "Why does Windows lock up when I access my modem?[132]") (Most, but not all, internal modems use a 16550.) Use hardware flow control, and make sure it is working properly. This applies both to your modem and to your comm software. If you experience overrun while uploading, then you almost certainly have a flow control problem in your comm software and/or modem configuration. If you are running anything other than the standard Windows VGA driver, switch to the standard VGA driver and see if that affects your problems -- certain video drivers are known to interfere with communications. (See "Where can I get updated video drivers?[133]") If you determine that your video driver is causing overruns, check to see if your video card uses a recent S3[134] chipset (e.g., 864, 964, or 968). If so, there may be an option in the video driver to set "Bus-throttle=On" (usually Off by default) in the [display] section of SYSTEM.INI, which may well solve the problem. ("Bus-throttle=On" may slightly reduce speed as measured by benchmarks, but the difference will probably not be noticeable in the real world.) Contact the manufacturer of your video card. (Note: Generic S3 video drivers[135] are available from S3. Unfortunately, they do not work on all S3-based video cards.) [updated 3/29/96] If possible, use 32-bit disk access under standard Windows, as well as 32-bit File Access under Windows for Workgroups. If not, be sure you have a current version of a quality BIOS and/or disk driver. Watch out for poorly-written firmware and/or device drivers for local bus IDE interfaces, particularly in multi-sector mode. Obtain the latest versions. (You may be able to alleviate an overrun problem by switching modes and/or reducing the number of sectors per transfer.) Are you using a SCSI drive? Certain SCSI drivers can cause problems. Obtain the latest versions. Disable write caching on your download disk drive. (Read caching should be OK.) * With the current SMARTDRV (i.e., standard Windows, or Windows for Wordgroups without 32-bit File Access), the /X parameter disables all write caching. You can also disable write caching on individual drives. (See "SMARTDrive Drive Letter Parameters Should Not Contain a Colon[136]") * With 32-bit File Access under Windows for Workgroups, put the following in the [386Enh] section of your SYSTEM.INI file: ForceLazyOff= where is a drive letter string; e.g., ForceLazyOff=C for drive C only, or ForceLazyOff=CD for drives C and D. (See "How to Disable Write Caching for the 32-Bit File System[137]") If you are using Procomm Plus for Windows[138] 2.xx, set "DropRTSAroundDiskWrites=1" in your PW2.INI file. (This won't help if you cache writes.) Beware of TSRs, especially network TSRs. Try booting your system as clean as possible to see if that helps. Watch out for certain memory managers; e.g., the use of QEMM "Stealth" may cause problems. Put your modem on COM2 if possible, especially if you are using a serial mouse. (COM2 has higher interrupt priority than COM1.) Under Windows, put the following in the [386Enh] section of your SYSTEM.INI file: MinTimeslice=20 WinTimeslice=100,50 COMnFIFO=1 COMnBuffer=1024 where n is the number of your modem COM port (e.g., COM2FIFO=1 and COM2Buffer=1024). The COMnFIFO statement won't help until you get a 16550A UART, but it won't hurt in the meantime. Note: The only legal values for COMnFIFO are 0 and 1. (See "Windows Support of the 16550 UART[139]") Do not use Microsoft's PC speaker sound driver[140]! Get a cheap sound card instead. (The Logitech Factory outlet in Fremont, California, 800/231-7717, is a good place to get a cheap sound card.) Watch out for an IRQ conflict. (You normally cannot use both COM1 and COM3, or COM2 and COM4, at the same time.) On a portable or "green" machine, you should also try disabling the power management features, which can sometimes "kick in" and interfere with data communications. Disable any screen savers, which can interfere with data communications. Don't run your serial port any faster than necessary. Marketing hype notwithstanding, there's rarely any need to go faster than 38.4 Kbps with a 14.4 Kbps modem, or 57.6 Kbps with a 28.8 Kbps modem. Caveat: With an acknowledgment protocol (e.g., XMODEM), as opposed to a streaming protocol (e.g., ZMODEM), a higher serial port speed can improve the response time. Try a third-party replacement for COMM.DRV. (See What about third-party comm drivers for Windows?[141]) Switch to Windows for Workgroups or Windows 95, which have a better serial architecture than standard Windows 3.x. With a 16550 UART (See "Do I need a 16550 UART? What is a UART?[142]") under regular Windows and a third-party comm driver (e.g., WFXCOMM.DRV[143]) or Windows for Workgroups or Windows 95, try dropping the receive FIFO trigger level. For example, where n is the number of your modem COM port: * WFXCOMM.DRV (default 14): ComnRXSize=8 (e.g., Com1RXSize=8). Recommended setting. * Windows for Workgroups (default 8): COMnRxTRIGGER=4 (e.g., COM1RxTRIGGER=4). Legal receive FIFO trigger values are 14, 8, 4, and 1. The normal recommended value is 8. You should not go down to 1 unless you are really desperate. Button[144] [Return to top[145]] ___________________________________ What's wrong with my dialup SLIP/PPP connection? Make absolutely sure that there is one and only one WINSOCK.DLL on your system, and that it is the right one. Make sure that the directory (e.g., C:\TRUMPET) for your dialup SLIP/PPP package (e.g., Trumpet Winsock, aka TCPMAN) is in your DOS PATH environment variable. Try the following settings in your dialup SLIP/PPP package: For true PPP or SLIP: TCP MSS: 536 MTU: 576 [MSS + 40] TCP RWIN: 2144 [MSS x 4] (For reference see RFC 879[146]) Note: Increasing RWIN to larger multiples of MSS (e.g., 2680, 3216, 3752, or 4288) may improve performance a bit on sluggish links. For TIA Pseudo-SLIP (see comments on TIA below): TCP MSS: 1460 MTU: 1500 [MSS + 40] TCP RWIN: 4096 (For reference see "Installation Instructions for Single-User TIA[147]") For more SLIP/PPP help see "Any Trumpet Winsock tips?[148]" and "Troubleshooting Reference[149]." Note: There is no significant performance difference between SLIP and PPP. (See "SLIP vs PPP Performance Comparison[150]" and "Performance Issues[151]") The author recommends the following Winsock applications (all of which are freeware or shareware): Dialup TCP/IP (SLIP/PPP) stack: Trumpet Winsock (See Any Trumpet Winsock tips?[152]) (Usenet alt.winsock.trumpet[153]): Version 2.0B[154] (no enforced limit on evaluation) WARNING: A bug in 2.0B can cause a system crash under certain rare conditions. Version 2.1F[155] (enforced 30-day limit on evaluation) WARNING: Earlier 2.1 versions have serious bugs and should not be used. WARNING: The author has found problems with streaming ZMODEM uploads in a telnet session over a Trumpet TCP/IP link. A work-around is to set a ZMODEM window size of 2 Kb. Mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows[156] (Usenet bit.listserv.pmail[157]) Web browser: Netscape[158]; helper applications: Acrobat viewer: Adobe Acrobat Reader[159] QuickTime[160] video player Real-time audio: Real Audio Player[161] TIFF viewer: LView Pro[162] ZIP viewer: WinZip[163] Usenet newsreader: Free Agent[164] FTP (File Transfer Protocol): WS_FTP[165] Telnet (login to remote host): EWAN[166] Ping (is host alive): WS_PING[167] Finger (find user) and WhoIs (find host): WSFINGER[168] NSLookup (lookup DNS names): NSLookup[169] Set clock from network timeserver: Tardis[170] HTML editor: Microsoft Internet Assistant[171] (Word for Windows 6.0a or above required) Graphic Editor: Paint Shop Pro[172] Tranparent GIF converter: LView Pro[173] Sound Editor: Cool Edit[174] For more Winsock application information see: "Stroud's Consummate Winsock Apps List[175]" (files available at The Papa Winsock-L FTP Site[176]) "The Ultimate Collection of Winsock Software[177]" Usenet alt.winsock[178] You may be able to run dialup SLIP/PPP from a UNIX shell account with The Internet Adapter[179] (TIA). Even when your Internet Service Provider offers a SLIP/PPP option, it may be cheaper to run TIA from a shell account. TIA is commercial but inexpensive. A freeware alternative is SLiRP. For more information on TIA and SLiRP see "SLiRP/TIA and Trumpet Winsock Setup Reference[180]." (Usenet alt.dcom.slip-emulators[181]) Button[182] [Return to top[183]] ___________________________________ Any Trumpet Winsock tips? Where to get Trumpet Winsock: Version 2.0B[184] (no enforced limit on evaluation) WARNING: A bug in 2.0B can cause a system crash under certain rare conditions. Version 2.1F[185] (enforced 30-day limit on evaluation) WARNING: Earlier 2.1 versions have serious bugs and should not be used. WARNING: The author has found problems with streaming ZMODEM uploads in a telnet session over a Trumpet TCP/IP link. A work-around is to set a ZMODEM window size of 2 Kb. You can monitor Trumpet Winsock TCP/IP performance with TCPMeter. (Execute once Trumpet Winsock is running. Click the left and right mouse buttons to expand and contract the graph scale respectively, and try a scale of 4K or 8K for a 28.8 connection. Incoming speed graph bars point down; outgoing point up. Note that TCP/IP is a full duplex link where data can flow at full speed in both directions at the same time.) Here[186] for Trumpet Winsock 2.0 Included with Trumpet Winsock 2.1 (do not use the 2.0 version) Trumpet Winsock 2.0B locks an excessive amount of memory (107 Kb) below 1 Mb; 2.1F is improved, but still takes a substantial amount (44 Kb) of low memory. (See "Any other Windows tips?[187]") The amount of low memory is not affected by the TCP/IP settings. The following Trumpet Winsock script fragment will auto-redial (e.g., on BUSY), assuming that $number has been initialized with the number you want to dial: repeat sleep 2 # gives modem time to recover after connect failure outputecho "atdt"$number\r #dial number repeat read 90 $result # read modem response # wait for long response, ignoring normal intermediate responses until len($result) >= 4 & pos("~" + copy($result, 1, 4), "~RINGING~CARRI ER~PROTOCOL") = 0 until pos("CONNECT", $result) = 1 # retry if I did not connect The author recommends configuring your modem for Trumpet Winsock with &D1 rather than &D2; that way you can use DTR rather than the escape code to enter modem commands when online. The following Trumpet Winsock ATI6.CMD script can be used with a USR modem initialized with &D1 to display Link Diagnostics (e.g., the current modem-to-modem speed) when online: set dtr off # put modem in command mode (&D1) if [input 2 OK\n] # wait for modem response end set dtr on output at\r # make sure modem is alive if ! [input 1 OK\n] display \n"*** Modem is not responding!"\n abort end display \n"*** USR Link Diagnostics follow:"\n\n echo on output ati6\r if [input 5 OK\n] display \n"*** End of USR Link Diagnostics."\n\n end output ato\r # change to ATO1 to force a retrain input 15 CONNECT input 1 \n online # can probably get back online with SLIP, but not PPP The following Trumpet Winsock BYE.CMD script can be used to quickly disconnect your modem (configured with either &D1 or &D2): set dtr off # modem command mode (&D1) or disconnect (&D2) if [input 2 OK\n] # wait for modem response end set dtr on output athz\r # hangup command (&D1 or just to be sure with &D2) input 2 OK\n display "Disconnected." sleep 1 Button[188] [Return to top[189]] ___________________________________ Where can I get updated video drivers? [updated 4/11/96] Updated video drivers may help to correct CRC/overrun errors. (See "Why am I getting CRC errors (overruns)?[190]") Updated drivers are available at: AST Computer[191] ATI Technologies[192] Boca Research[193] Cirrus Logic[194] (generic) Compaq Computer[195] Dell Computer[196] Diamond Multimedia[197] Note: The author has experienced stability problems with various versions of Diamond drivers for both Windows 3.x and Windows 95, and recommends using Microsoft drivers (Windows 3.x[198]/Windows 95[199]/Windows NT[200]) or generic S3 drivers[201] if possible. [updated 4/11/96] Digital Equipment[202] Gateway 2000[203] Genoa Systems[204] Hercules[205] Hewlett Packard[206] IBM[207]: OS/2[208] Display drivers[209] Matrox[210] Microsoft[211]: Windows 3.x[212] Windows 95[213] [updated 4/9/96] Windows NT[214] Number Nine[215] Packard Bell[216] S3[217] (generic) [updated 3/29/96] STB Systems[218] Trident BBS: 415/691-1016 (generic) Tseng Labs BBS: 215/579-7536 (generic) Western Digital/Paradise[219] Note: Only those companies that have drivers available for download are listed. Button[220] [Return to top[221]] ___________________________________ Where can I get updated disk/SCSI drivers? [updated 4/9/96] Updated disk and/or SCSI drivers may help to correct CRC/overrun errors. (See "Why am I getting CRC errors (overruns)?[222]") Updated drivers are available at: Disk drives[223]: IOmega[224] Maxtor[225] Seagate[226] SyQuest Technology[227] Western Digital[228] IBM[229] OS/2[230]: Fixes and CSD's[231] "Other" drivers[232] IDE adapter/controller cards[233]: BusLogic[234] Promise Technology[235] Tekram Technology[236] (Recommended by the author) Microsoft[237]: Windows 95[238] [updated 4/9/96] Windows NT[239] SCSI adapter/controller cards[240]: Adaptec[241] (Recommended by the author) BusLogic[242] Promise Technology[243] QLogic[244] Tekram Technology[245] Note: Only those companies that have drivers available for download are listed. Button[246] [Return to top[247]] ___________________________________ Why 1024 bytes for the Windows COM buffer? The buffer size is mostly a flow control issue. When the buffer fills up above the "high water mark" (e.g., 75%), a Windows comm driver asserts receive flow control; then when it drops below the "low water mark" (e.g., 25%) a Windows comm driver releases receive flow control. (A Windows comm application should have nothing to do with flow control. DOS applications, on the other hand, do not use the Windows comm driver and so must do their own flow control.) For Windows applications then the only serious issue is that the size of the buffer between the "high water mark" and buffer-full must be big enough to give the local modem time to respond to flow control being asserted -- there is inevitably a certain amount of "dribble," but it's usually no more than about 10-20 characters, for which even the default 128-byte buffer should be adequate. For performance you want the buffer large enough for the Windows application to be able to process incoming data in reasonable sized chunks. (You also want the modem to respond to flow control being released before the buffer is drained by the application, although this is much less important due to modem buffering.) Thus if multitasking is going on, a somewhat larger buffer than the default (e.g., 256-1024) may improve performance. The higher end of the range accommodates a typical (YMODEM/ZMODEM) block. Beyond that point diminishing returns set in rapidly. For DOS applications the buffer size is more important, since the DOS application is responsible for flow control and takes much longer to respond than a Windows comm driver. That's why it's a good idea to have a receive buffer as big as a typical (YMODEM/ZMODEM) block (i.e., 1024 bytes). The alternative is to turn the buffer off completely and give the DOS application direct access to the COM port by setting a buffer size of 0. On the transmit side (where there's no flow control concern) the only consideration is performance -- you want the buffer to be big enough so that it doesn't drain to empty when the application is unable to respond fast enough to refill it. The default 128-byte buffer will drain in only 22 ms at 5760 cps, which is less than a single multitasking timeslice. A 1024-byte buffer takes 178 ms to drain, which is normally sufficient; above that point diminishing returns set in rapidly. One reason is that modem buffering can make up for (short) times that the transmit buffer drains to empty. And if you make the transmit buffer too large, it can introduce timing problems (due to the "long" buffer drain time) with DOS applications and with poorly written Windows applications. Button[248] [Return to top[249]] ___________________________________ What is "retraining"? What are "fall-back" and "fall-forward"? It's very important to properly distinguish between (a) retraining and (b) fall-back/forward. They are frequently confused but they are not the same thing. If you turn on the modem speaker with M2 you can easily hear the difference. RETRAINING Retraining is like the initial training -- several seconds where the modems probe the line in order to configure themselves (equalization, nonlinear coding, pre-emphasis, pre-coding, shaping, mapping, etc.). Either modem can request a retrain, but the retrain will only occur if the other modem grants it. You can hear the distinctive training sounds if the modem speaker is on. During the several seconds of retraining no data can flow. Because of that we want the modems to only retrain when truly necessary, as when line conditions have changed significantly and permanently, something that is usually rare. Retraining may not necessarily result in a higher speed. Excessive retrains can therefore be a serious problem. FALL-BACK/FORWARD Fall-back/forward is simple speed shifting that is relatively quick, so we would like the modems to fall back when needed to keep the error rate low, and fall forward when possible to improve throughput. With the modem speaker on you will hear only a small beep or blip in the carrier hiss. If a noise burst causes a fall-back, we want the modems to fall-forward as soon as the burst is gone. What we don't want is for the modems to ping-pong back and forth between two speeds, because that would result in lower throughput than simply remaining at the lower speed. Again, fall-back/forward can be requested by either modem, but will only occur if the other modem permits it. Button[250] [Return to top[251]] ___________________________________ How do I set a speed greater than 19200 bps in Windows? You can set a speed faster than 19200 in the Windows Control Panel by simply typing it in. However, there is almost never a need to do so -- almost all Windows comm applications set their own serial port speed. The settings in the Control Panel are primarily for devices attached to the serial port; e.g., printers. (See "Control Panel Serial Port Settings Are for Printing Only[252]") Button[253] [Return to top[254]] ___________________________________ What about third-party comm drivers for Windows? Despite "urban legends" to the contrary, the standard Windows 3.1 COMM.DRV is capable of supporting high-speed modems on a reasonably fast system, and does support the 16550 FIFO. (See "Windows Support of the 16550 UART[255]") However, it does have three limitations: It does not use the transmit FIFO. This rarely makes any difference for data, but can be a problem for Class 1 fax timing above 9,600 bps. The receive FIFO threshold is fixed at 14 bytes, which leaves only 2 bytes before overrun occurs. Dropping the receive threshold to 8 bytes (or even lower) may help to reduce overruns. For that you need a third-party comm driver. DOS comm programs running under Windows 386 Enhanced Mode are fooled into thinking that the COM port only has a 16450 UART. This can cause problems, particularly with poorly-written DOS comm programs (i.e., those that do not drain the UART buffer on each receive interrupt). The alternative is to give the DOS application direct access to the COM port (see "Why 1024 bytes for the Windows COM buffer?[256]") or, better yet, upgrade to Windows for Workgroups 3.11 or Windows 95. Also despite "urban legends" to the contrary, COMM.DRV supports speeds up to 256,000 bps, hardware permitting, including 115,200 bps. (See "Setting Baud Rates in Windows 3.1[257]") How fast you can go will depend on your hardware. With only an 8250 or 16450 UART, you may not be able to go faster than 19,200 bps without overrun; with a 16550 UART and a reasonably fast system, you should be able to go up to 57,600 bps, or even 115,200 bps. 57,600 bps is normally adequate for even a 28,800 bps modem. Caveat: With an acknowledgment protocol (e.g., XMODEM), as opposed to a streaming protocol (e.g., ZMODEM), a higher serial port speed can improve the response time. Third-party comm drivers include the freeware: CYBERCOM.DRV[258] WFXCOMM.DRV[259] (from Delrina[260], particularly recommended f or use with WinFax) Third-party drivers are not needed for and should not be used with Windows for Workgroups 3.11 or Windows 95, which have a better comm architecture than standard Windows. An upgrade to Windows for Workgroups 3.11 or Windows 95 is probably the best way to improve Windows communications. (See "Any other Windows tips?[261]") Third-party Windows drivers should also not be used with OS/2 (Warp). Button[262] [Return to top[263]] ___________________________________ How can I share a modem between data and WinFax? Delrina WinComm PRO can seamlessly share a modem with Delrina WinFax PRO. With WinFax PRO set to automatically answer the telephone, WinComm PRO will turn off WinFax PRO auto-answer to dial out, and turn WinFax PRO auto-answer back on when it is through with the modem. The two programs may be purchased together in a discounted bundle called the Delrina Comm Suite. With other data comm programs you can use WfListen[264], a program that will shut down Delrina WinFax when you start your data comm program, and then restart WinFax when you shut down your data comm program, all automatically. Shareware. (A companion program, wfStatus[265], modifies the WinFax icon to show whether it's ready to receive faxes or not. Also shareware.) Another alternative is KingComm, a commercial virtual comm port driver that allows multiple comm apps to share the same modem. Multi-Tech[266] provides a proprietary "Virtual Modem" comm driver for Windows with certain modems that will reportedly route incoming data and fax calls to appropriate applications. However, it does not support the 16550 FIFO buffers, a serious drawback. (See "Do I need a 16550 UART? What is a UART?[267]") Note: Except for Multi-Tech, these alternatives do not have the ability to automatically detect and properly route incoming data and fax calls. For that you need a modem that supports incoming Call Discrimination (also called "Adaptive Answer" or "Call Select"), as well as data and fax comm software which support that capability (e.g., WinFax PRO 7.0 for Windows 95[268] [see "How can I use a single phone for fax/data/voice?[269]"] or Procomm Plus for Windows 2.xx[270]). Button[271] [Return to top[272]] ___________________________________ How can I display the status of an internal modem under Windows? ModemSta[273] displays an animated icon replica or larger indicator displays of modem's front panel. Several 3D looks, with customizable colors. For use with internal, external and PCMCIA modems. Modem initialization, logging of incoming calls and connections, additional status info, show communications settings, generation of sounds at comm events. Can also monitor parallel ports. Shareware US$15. Note: It is not possible to continuously display the modem-to-modem speed of an internal modem. (Some drivers and applications display data throughput, but that is not the same thing.) The reason is that you have to have to escape the modem to command mode and issue a special command, if available, which interrupts the flow of data. (See "Any other USRobotics tips?[274]") Button[275] [Return to top[276]] ___________________________________ Why does Windows lock up when I access my modem? The most common cause of this problem is a 16550-compatible chip that isn't fully compatible. Typically this is seen on Pentium systems with serial ports integrated on the motherboard, but it can also happen with add-on cards, particularly "multi-I/O" cards based on popular SMC[277] chips. (See "PC Hangs While Running a Communications Application[278]" and "16550 UART FIFO Support under Windows NT[279]") Updated drivers are available from SMC and Microsoft to work around the problem. The SMC package[280] includes both SMC's updated COMM.DRV for regular Windows 3.1 and Microsoft's updated SERIAL.386 for Windows for Workgroups 3.11; the Microsoft package[281] includes only Microsoft's updated SERIAL.386 (10,620 bytes dated 2/17/94). But see warning below. Alternatively you should be able to completely solve (or simply test) the problem by turning off the UART FIFO buffers. To do that under regular Windows 3.1 or Windows for Workgroups 3.11, put the following in the [386Enh] section of your SYSTEM.INI file: COMnFIFO=0 where n is the number of your modem COM port (e.g., COM2FIFO=0). Under Windows NT see "16550 UART FIFO Support under Windows NT[282]." The drawback is that you then won't get the benefit of the 16550 FIFO buffers. (See "Do I need a 16550 UART? What is a UART?[283]") Warning: Although Microsoft specifically identifies the SMC '665 chip as the problem, the author has personally verified that a problem also exists in the SMC '666 chip (FDC37C666GT). Furthermore, although the original FIFO problem is reportedly fixed in current chip production, the author has personally verified that a problem (perhaps a different problem) still exists as of August 1995. The author has also personally verified that: SMC's updated COMM.DRV does not correct this current problem; and Microsoft's updated SERIAL.386 is not fully satisfactory: lockups are very rare but not entirely eliminated, and Windows multitasking is adversely affected during certain communications operations (e.g., negotiating a dialup PPP link with Trumpet Winsock 2.1F[284]). The only fully effective workaround is to disable the FIFO buffers (as described above). For this reason the author does not currently recommend products that use SMC "multi-I/O" chips. Button[285] [Return to top[286]] ___________________________________ Why can't I get back on-line after I escape to command mode? While on-line you escape your modem to command mode with "+++", and then try to get back into data mode with ATO, but the remote system no longer responds. You have to break the connection to recover. What's probably happening is that your "+++" escape code is being echoed by the remote system back to the remote modem, throwing it into command mode as well, a state from which you cannot recover short of disconnecting. It really shouldn't be happening, because any BBS SYSOP or Internet Provider worthy of the name should either disable the escape sequence or at least change it to an unusual value. But all too many don't. The solution is to use modem register S2 to change your modem escape character. The author uses S2=61 to change the escape character to "=", which is on the same key as "+", making it easy to remember. Button[287] [Return to top[288]] ___________________________________ What are the best (data/fax) comm programs for Windows? There are several excellent programs, and what is best for one won't necessarily be best for others. For data comm, the personal favorites of the author are HyperACCESS for Windows (commercial from Hilgraeve[289]) and the near-clone WinComm PRO (commercial from Delrina[290]). Both are extremely powerful while being very easy to use. For those on a budget, there is a freeware version of WinComm called WinComm Lite[291]. (There is also a freeware DOS comm program from Delrina called FreeComm[292]. Neither WinComm Lite nor FreeComm has been reviewed by the author.) Popular shareware alternatives include: Softerm Plus[293] (X/Y/ZMODEM with SLIP and TCP/IP) Telix for Windows[294] UniCom[295] WinQVT[296] (VT-220 emulator with X/Y/ZMODEM/Kermit) WinRamp Lite[297] (w/RIP) For fax comm, the personal favorite of the author is WinFax PRO (commercial from Delrina[298]). It integrates well with WinComm PRO, and the two can be purchased in a discounted bundle as the Delrina Comm Suite. (If you experience fax problems with a USR modem, see "Any other USRobotics tips?[299]") Note: Delrina[300] has been acquired by Symantec[301]. The author does not recommend Version 2.xx of Procomm Plus for Windows (commercial from Datastorm[302]). While version 1.xx evolved into a robust (albeit quirky) data comm program, version 2.xx has suffered from "featuritis" and has been plagued with many problems (e.g., greatly excessive locking of memory below 1 Mb [See "PRB: Avoiding 'Insufficient Memory to Run' Errors[303]"]). Button[304] [Return to top[305]] ___________________________________ Why do I sometimes have problems connecting? See below and also "Any other USR tips?[306]". Why do I sometimes get abruptly disconnected? Disconnections may be caused by momentary drops of DTR by certain comm applications. (By default most modems respond to a drop of DTR by hanging up.) With most modems you can work around this problem by disabling DTR (i.e., &D0). Note that when DTR is disabled you have to escape the modem to command mode and use the "ATH" command to hang up. With USR modems you can also use register S25 to work around the problem (e.g., S25=10 will ignore a DTR drop of less than 10/100 or 1/10 second, which is twice the default of 5/100 second). For those experiencing disconnects (and/or erratic connection speeds) when calling Rockwell-based V.FC modems from a USR 28800 (V.FC or V.34) modem, a firmware fix is now available for the Sportster (dated 4/18/95 or later for USA modems) by calling USR (708-982-5151); for the Courier, the fix (dated 7/5/95 or later for USA modems) is available by FTP[307]. In the meantime, the author's workarounds (which may help in some cases even if you have the updated firmware) are: Disable V.42 Detect Phase (i.e., S27=48). -- or -- Disable V.42 completely (i.e., S27=32). If you then sometimes get non-error-correcting connections, force error-correction mode (i.e., &M5). You may find that you have to redial several times to get connected; if so, try the following. -- and/or --- Disable the highest symbol rates (e.g., S54.5=1S54.4=1S54.3=1). This will limit your top speed (to 24000 in this example), depending on how many symbol rates you disable (3429, 3200, and 3000 in this example). -- also -- With V.FC-only firmware (as opposed to the newer V.34 firmware) it may help to also disable the 32S-2D map (i.e., S55.2=1). -- finally -- It may also help to set S10=255. With a USR 28800 modem, you can determine the technical reason for a disconnect by issuing the ATI6 command immediately after the disconnection. If possible, set these options on a phone number-specific basis. With comm apps which lack that capability, you may be able to embed them in the phone number; e.g., "^H^HS27=48DT555-1212". (The two "^H" backspace characters erase the "DT" in an "ATDT" dial command so that the "S27=48" will be accepted, and then the following "DT" replaces the "DT" that was erased; i.e., "ATDT" + "^H^HS27=48DT555-1212" = "ATS27=48DT555-1212".) Button[308] [Return to top[309]] ___________________________________ Why do connections sometimes seem to run slower and slower? The following is a discussion of the so-called "spiraling death" problem that has been observed on the Sportster 28800 (and sometimes even the Courier V.34), where the modem will fall back over time on certain connections to ever lower speeds. What we are really concerned with here is fall-forward, not retraining. (See "What is 'retraining'? and What are 'fall-back' and 'fall-forward'?[310]") Retraining is normally a rare event. So the problem is really that the Sportster 28800 sometimes does not fall-forward when it is able to do so. The symptom is that the Sportster 28800 is sometimes observed to fall back to progressively lower speeds without ever being observed to fall forward back to higher speeds. The implication is that line conditions would have permitted a higher speed, which may or may not have been true. (It's impossible to say for sure without elaborate test equipment.) THE ATO1 CONNECT RESPONSE CONFUSION Some of the evidence used to support the claim that the Sportster 28800 doesn't fall forward has been that ATO1 (forced retraining) returned the modem to a higher speed. The problem with at least some of these reports is that people have assumed that the CONNECT response to ATO1 reports the new speed after retraining. It doesn't, as should be obvious if you notice that the response appears before the retraining sound (heard with M2) is completed. The response sometimes shows the previous connection speed, and sometimes shows the original connection speed, but never the new speed. The only way to correctly determine the connect speed after retraining is to escape to command mode and use the ATI6 command! (See Any other USRobotics tips?[311], Any Trumpet Winsock tips?[312], and Why can't I get back on-line after I escape to command mode?[313]) Suppose that a phone connection is such that the Sportster 28800 CONNECTs at a high speed (e.g., 28800), but then falls back to a lower speed (e.g., 24000) due to line conditions. Escape to command-mode followed by ATO1 might well make you think that retraining has returned the modem to the original high speed (due to a CONNECT 28800 response) when it may well not have. Disconnecting and reconnecting could produce the same misleading indications. In other words, these may just be plain old poor connections. The moral here is that you must use ATI6, and only ATI6, to check the current connection speed. Another problem is that ATO1 may not change the current speed, or may even reduce it, depending on changing line conditions. And it's hard to keep ongoing auto fall-back/forward from confusing the issue (unless you use M2 and listen carefully for the sound of the speed shifts, a small beep or blip in the ongoing carrier hiss). The only way to know for sure whether or not the speed changed is to use ATI6 immediately before and after ATO1. SPORTSTER PROBLEMS Does the Sportster 28800 fall-forward automatically or not? From extensive testing (literally hundreds of hours to both USR and non-USR modems) the author concludes that the answer is: often yes, but sometimes no. The author has run many tests where the Sportster 28800 was forced back to (say) 16800, and then it rapidly fall forward to a much higher speed. But the author has also run some tests where it stayed at 16800. This seems to be a function of both line conditions and the modem at the other end of the connection. Note that this problem is not absolute -- while some users do encounter it on some connections, many users never encounter it. Another possibly related problem that some have reported with the external Sportster 28800 (not the internal Sportster, and not either type of the Courier) is that adjusting the speaker volume control while on-line causes the modem to fall back. Anecdotal reports suggest that higher connection speeds may be possible if the volume control is turned all the way down before the initial negotiation (and left there). Turning off the speaker with M0 is apparently not effective. WHAT TO DO USR now has a fix for this problem: "Dear USRobotics Customers: USR has received many comments about a condition identified by s ome users as Spiraling Death Syndrome. The conditions stated are tha t the Sportster v.34 modem degrades it's throughput speed as the pro duct heats up. Although we have been unable to duplicate the problem on a large scale, we have duplicated these symptoms on a very intermittent bas is. However, the current release of v.34 code (dated 4/18/95) has al lowed for greater variances in ambient temperature swings in additio n to greater compatibility to non-USR products. As a result, for the next 30 days, USR is offering a code upgrade and fulfillment progra m at no cost to our customers. Until June 9, 1995 customers simply n eed to contact USR at 708-982-5151 and prompt for Technical Support to validate the symptoms. Upon validation, USR's Customer Service De partment will process the replacement code order. Please note that this is a limited time offer. Effective Monday, June 12, 1995 the standard code upgrade program goes back into effe ct. This program requires a $15 fee to cover the extraction tool, ha ndling & shipping. We thank our customers for continued support of USRobotics produc ts and it is our wish to maintain customer support and loyalty." The author urges all Sportster 28800 owners to take advantage of this offer. Even though the original offer has expired, you may still be able to get a free upgrade if you (politely) insist on it. Or you can purchase the low-cost upgrade to 33600, which contains all previous improvements, if you have one of the Sportster models for which the upgrade is available. While waiting for the fix, here are some workarounds to try: If possible try a different modem to see if the problems persist or not. Try to improve your connection -- the Sportster 28800 may be falling back in response to noise bursts on the line. (See "Why don't I get 28800 bps speed on my connections?[314]") If you have the external Sportster 28800, try turning the volume control all the way down before the initial negotiation. You can disable fallback on the transmit side (the receive side is not affected) by setting the undocumented option of S15=2. The downside is that you may get disconnected if line conditions deteriorate enough to warrant a fall-back and/or you may experience more retraining. (This option is documented for the Courier V.34.) If you have 11/30/94 or later Sportster firmware (date for USA modems), you can lock the transmit speed (but not the receive speed) in a range with &Nn&Un (e.g., &N14&U12 locks the transmit speed between 28800 and 24000). With an appropriate range, this may be more reliable than S15=2. (However, it does not work on the Courier.) Button[315] [Return to top[316]] ___________________________________ What is Distinctive Ring? [new 4/11/96] How can I use a single phone for fax/data/voice? [new 4/11/96] There are basically four methods of sharing an incoming phone line (without resorting to custom programming): Install a "Call Router" device on your regular phone line. (The cost is in the range of $50-300, depending on features. Sources on the Internet include Black Box[317], Hello Direct[318], and Sparco Communications[319].) You plug your modem, fax machine, answering machine, and/or voice telephone into the device. The device answers incoming calls, and directs them to the appropriate connected unit. Some devices do this with a series of voice prompts that instruct the caller to press different phone buttons for different services. Others do it by listening to the incoming call, and making a selection (guess) based on what they "hear." Drawbacks to this method are that voice prompting can confuse calling modems, and that your computer would need a second modem to receive both fax and data calls. "Silent Answer[320]." This is a fax modem feature in certain Supra[321] modems that allows a fax modem to share a voice line. The modem answers, but does not use the normal fax answer tones. Instead it listens for tones from a calling fax. If it hears such tones, it automatically picks up the call and goes into fax mode, possibly cutting off an answering machine. Otherwise, it does not disturb the call. The drawback to this method is that it does not support data calls. Obtain "Distinctive Ring" service, and use a modem and software that support it. This service, offered by some (but not all) local telephone companies, gives you more than one phone number for a single phone line. Each number has a "distinctive" ringing pattern that can be detected by attached equipment. An attached fax/modem and software that support Distinctive Ring can then tell whether a call is coming in on the fax, data, or voice number, and handle the call in the appropriate manner. (Distinctive Ring can also be used with certain kinds of Call Routers. See above.) Distinctive Ring is usually not free, but less expensive than multiple phone lines. The drawbacks to this method are the monthly charge, and the possibility that the service may not be available in your area. Use a modem and software that support incoming Call Discrimination (also called "Adaptive Answer" or "Call Select"). Certain fax/data modems can discriminate between fax and data calls; certain so-called "voice" modems[322] can discriminate between fax, data, and voice calls. The modem answers the call, and uses a combination of listening and trying (tones) to determine (guess) the type of incoming call. A voice modem and appropriate software can also employ voice prompting like certain Call Routers (see above). The modem then notifies the software of the type of call. The software is expected to take the appropriate action. Some modems do a better job of Call Discrimination than others. The personal preference of the author is Call Discrimination. The problem is that good software that supports Call Discrimination has been hard to find. Although Version 2.xx of Procomm Plus for Windows has such support, it does not work well with all modems (see "Does USR Adaptive Answer work with Procomm Plus for Windows?[323]"), and the author does not otherwise recommend the program (see "What are the best [data/fax] comm programs for Windows?[324]"). Microsoft TAPI[325] promised to address this need, but TAPI has been slow in coming. (See "What is TAPI?[326]") Delrina[327] WinFax PRO 7.0, also available as part of the Delrina CommSuite 95, finally delivers on that promise. Here's how to make Call Discrimination work on the USR Sportster 28800 Vi in Windows 95 with fax and the Dial-Up Networking Server: Make sure that you have current modem firmware. Install the latest INF file for the Vi[328] from the USR BBS/FTP server. Install the Unimodem V[329] driver from Microsoft. You must also have the latest WinFax 7.0 Maintenance Update[330]. Use Control Panel | Modems to first Remove your modem, and then Add it back using the proper INF file entry. Configure your modem in WinFax Setup | Modem, and be sure to select TAPI. Use WinFax Setup | Receive to enable Call Discrimination. (You should not have to fool with the Registry settings.) Be sure to click OK even if you made no changes. Open Dial-Up Networking and select Connections | Dial-Up server to enable the Allow Caller Access option. Click Apply, and make sure that Status shows or switches to "Monitoring." It's also important to be sure that you have NetBEUI installed for your Dial-Up Adapter (under Control Panel | Networking) -- TCP/IP will not do the job. And don't forget to set the Sharing option (in My Computer or Explorer) for drives and/or folders you want to be able to access. Having done all this, the author's Windows 95 system, even with just the Delrina CommBar running, will answer calls on a Sportster 28800 Vi (internal), and connect them to either WinFax or the Windows 95 Dial-Up Server as appropriate. It's also possible for the author to retrieve faxes remotely. (When connected to the Dial-Up server from a remote location, it's even possible for the author to access UNIX hosts running Samba[331] that are connected to the Windows 95 PC over an Ethernet TCP/IP network.) All in all, it's an impressive display of technology. The one catch is that certain failure modes will cause WinFax to go out of fax auto-answer mode, even though the option is still checked; if and when this happens, open Setup | Receive and click OK. If for data you need "mini-BBS" capability instead of networking, you can substitute the Host Mode in Delrina WinComm PRO 7.0, also included in the Delrina CommSuite 95, although this has not been tested by the author. The principal drawback is that WinComm PRO 7.0 currently suffers from bugs and other problems, including excessive CPU usage in Host Mode. Or you can try some other TAPI-complaint application (e.g., remote access software), but be warned that this is still new territory, and that you may have difficulty getting everything to work together properly. Delrina TalkWorks, also included in the Delrina CommSuite 95, adds voice support, but has not been tested by the author. Button[332] [Return to top[333]] ___________________________________ What is Caller ID? [new 4/11/96] Caller ID is a technology that makes it possible for the called party to see the telephone number of the caller on a special device while the incoming call is ringing. It is also possible for a modem with Caller ID capability to obtain the telephone number data and report it to special software, which can use the data for purposes like security validation, event logging, and/or data access (e.g., of a caller's credit history). Caller ID is an optional service that is being offered by more and more local telephone companies now that the FCC[334] has mandated nationwide deployment. (See "Caller ID to be available nationwide[335]") Caller ID has obvious applications in telephone mail-order, emergency services, dial-in communications, and for those that simply want to screen their calls. However, it can also invade the privacy of a caller, disclosing information that the caller would prefer not to disclose. (Your telephone number is a key that could be used to instantly access the vast amount of information about you that has undoubtedly been compiled in public and private databases without your knowledge or consent.) Caller ID can be blocked on a per-call or a per-line basis. Check with your local telephone company. Button[336] [Return to top[337]] ___________________________________ How do I shut off Call Waiting? [new 4/11/96] Call Waiting is a phone service option that allows you to be interrupted by an incoming call while you are using the phone line. If you are using the phone line for data or fax, the "beep" that signals the incoming call can cause an abrupt disconnection, which can be a problem. To temporarily disable Call Waiting for a single outgoing call, there is often a special code that can be dialed before the phone number. With tone dialing service, this special code is usually "*70" (e.g., instead of dialing say "555-1212", you would dial "*70,555-1212", with the comma being used to signal your modem to insert a brief pause between the special code and the phone number); with pulse dialing service, this special code may be "1170". Check with your local phone company to be sure. Better comm programs have an option to insert the special code automatically. (On the other hand, you may actually want Call Waiting to interrupt a data or fax call, so that you do not miss an important incoming call. However, some modems will not be disconnected by the "beep," and there may be no possible work-around.) Button[338] [Return to top[339]] ___________________________________ How do I keep my data/fax call from being interrupted? [new 4/11/96] It goes like this. You have a single line with multiple extensions that you use for both voice and fax/data. You are on-line in the middle of a large file transfer. Someone else picks an extension in another room, and bang, your connection is lost sending the file transfer down the drain. There is an easy way to prevent this problem. Obtain a "Line Protector" for each extension phone. When your modem is on-line, the Line Protector will automatically prevent the attached phone from interrupting your connection. A Line Protector is inexpensive, and readily available on the Internet (e.g., Black Box[340] or Hello Direct[341]) or from Radio Shack (which calls it a "TeleProtector"). Some "Call Routers" will also provide this kind of protection. (See "How can I use a single phone for fax/data/voice?[342]") Button[343] [Return to top[344]] ___________________________________ Does USR Adaptive Answer work with Procomm Plus for Windows? How to get Adaptive Answer to work on USR Sportster modems with Procomm Plus for Windows 2.xx (PW2.xx): Adaptive Answer (called Call Selection by USR) works in Class 1 as well as Class 2.0 mode with 28.8 versions of both the USR Courier and Sportster. PW2.xx does not support Class 2.0 (only Class 1 and so-called Class 2), so it must be configured for Class 1 fax with USR modems. The USR Adaptive Answer problem is that Datastorm[345] apparently assumed that all modems are like Rockwell clones, which can enable Adaptive Answer while still in data mode. That doesn't work with USR modems, which require the modem to be in fax mode to enable Adaptive Answer. Hopefully this problem will be fixed in a maintenance release. In the meantime the author's workaround to this problem is to put the USR Sportster modem into fax mode before enabling Adaptive Answer. (Apparently this method does not work on the Courier.) On the Setup | Fax Connection screen you will need to set: Fax class: Class 1 Maximum transmit rate: 9600 [for reliability] Maximum receive rate: 9600 [for reliability] Class 1 adaptive answer command: +FCLASS=1+FAA=1 [no AT or ^M] Adaptive answer connect message: FAX Now you should be able to Setup | Auto Answer | Data and Fax. The command won't take when done online, but don't worry, just wait for PW2.xx to time out, and then Online | Initialize Data Modem to get everything working. Startup Host Mode, and you should be in business. Note: If you leave Auto Answer set to Data and Fax and put PW2.xx with HOST.WAX as an argument in your Startup group, PW2.xx will launch and initialize correctly for Adaptive Answer when you startup Windows. Be sure to turn off Auto Answer before trying to make a data call out, or the call will fail since the modem will be in fax mode. Just Setup | Auto Answer | Off, and then Online | Initialize Data Modem. A little bit of a kludge, but it does work on the Sportster. Button[346] [Return to top[347]] ___________________________________ Any other USRobotics tips? Warning: USR has indiscriminately slapped the "Sportster" name on so many different products that the author no longer feels it is a reliable product guide. For example, recent "Sportster 28800" and "Sportster 33600" modems have considerably different S-register settings as compared to the original "Sportster 28800" product. This invalidates a good deal of advice, including some of the material in this FAQ. Certain 28800 Sportster models can be inexpensively upgraded to 33600 (including Selective Reject[348]). Useful modem commands: ATI6, issued after a disconnect[349], will tell you the reason for the disconnect. ATI6 will tell you your current modem-to-modem connection speed if you escape (e.g., with "+++") to command mode while online. With split/asymmetric speeds (see What are split/asymmetric speeds?[350]), ATI6 will report the two speeds as receive/transmit. (See also "Why can't I get back on-line after I escape to command mode?[351]" To display the current connection speed when using Trumpet Winsock on a SLIP/PPP link, see "Any Trumpet Winsock tips?[352]") ATO will return you to on-line mode after you escape to command mode; ATO1 will also request a retrain[353] (which may help if line conditions have changed substantially). ATI7 will tell you what firmware version (date) you have. For a good description of the output of the ATI6 and ATI11 commands, see the FAQ by USR UK[354]. If you experience problems connecting to certain V.34 modems: It may help to disable the 3429 symbol rate (S54.5=1), which confuses certain modems (e.g., Hayes) that are not fully V.34 compliant during negotiation. It may help to disable V.FC (S56.7=1). It may help to disable V.42 detect phase (S27=48). If you experience problems connecting to certain V.34/V.FC modems, or you otherwise want to connect with V.FC when the remote modem supports both V.34 and V.FC, disable V.8 (S54.7=1), which effectively disables V.34. If you have a particular number where you sometimes connect at a very slow speed but get a much higher speed when you immediately redial, find out if there is a Hayes modem at the other end. If so, it may be possible to correct the problem by updating the Hayes firmware. If you experience problems connecting to certain older MNP modems (esp. at 2400 bps), try S15=64. This option is only documented for the Courier ("Unusual MNP-Incompatibility"), but may work for the Sportster as well. If you hear a strange ringing sound after dialing and before the remote answers, that's Call Indicate. It's a good idea to disable it (S54.6=1), because it can cause connection problems with certain modems. Some users have reported that resetting the modem before each call improves the chances of a good connection. To do this, use ATZn instead of AT&Fn. The options for ATZn are: Z - reset and load profile Yn Z1 - reset and load profile 0 Z2 - reset and load profile 1 Z3 - reset and load &F0 defaults Z4 - reset and load &F1 defaults Z5 - reset and load &F2 defaults In other words, ATZ4 is a good alternative to AT&F1. Generally t he only problem is that you can't put more commands on the same line with ATZn as you can with AT&Fn; e.g., you can do AT&F1S11=55 but n ot ATZ4S11=55. If you have a comm program that can issue more than o ne initialization string (e.g., HyperACCESS for Windows or WinComm P RO), you can simply put additional commands in a second command stri ng; e.g., ATZ4 followed by ATS11=55. If you experience faxing problems, in addition to the other suggestions in this document (e.g., "What about third-party comm drivers for Windows?[355]" and "Any other Windows tips?[356]") you should make sure that you have firmware dated 4/18/95 or later. (For a firmware upgrade, call USR at 708-982-5151.) Otherwise, it might help to initialize the modem with S36=0. If you are using Delrina WinFax, you might also try limiting your send and receive speeds to 9600 bps by adding the following to the [General] section of your WINFAX.INI file: MaxTxSpeed=9600 MaxRxSpeed=9600 With the Sportster (not the Courier), watch out for which profile you have set. If Y1 is set (which selects profile 1 rather than profile 0), and you do (say) ATS11=55&W, and then later use ATZ to initialize your modem, you won't get the S11 setting you saved! The reason is that &W always saves to the profile 0, while ATZ loads whatever profile Yn is set to, in this case profile 1. Options that are controlled by dipswitches are not saved in NVRAM (profiles 0 and 1). If you want them to be in a known state without worrying about the dipswitches, you should set them in your initialization string (e.g., E1Q0V1S0=0&C1&D2 for the default settings). Button[357] [Return to top[358]] ___________________________________ Any other Windows 3.x tips? An upgrade to Windows for Workgroups 3.11 or Windows 95 is probably the best way to improve Windows communications. To improve transmit (upload) performance and/or fax reliability under Windows for Workgroups 3.11, put the following in the [386Enh] section of your SYSTEM.INI file: COMnTXFIFO=1 where n is the number of your modem COM port (e.g., COM2TXFIFO=1). This enables use of the 16550 Transmit FIFO. (See "Do I need a 16550 UART? What is a UART?[359]") Be careful not to confuse Windows (standard) 3.11 with Windows for Workgroups 3.11 -- version numbers notwithstanding, they are not the same. Windows (standard) 3.11 is essentially Windows 3.1 with a few bug fixes (that do not directly affect modem communications), whereas Windows for Workgroups 3.11 has a considerably different internal architecture. If you get "Insufficient Memory to Run" errors when starting new applications when you still have sufficient Free Memory and System Resources (as displayed by Program Manager Help | About), one of your running applications is probably locking an excessive amount of memory below 1 Mb. (See "PRB: Avoiding 'Insufficient Memory to Run' Errors[360]") Utilities are available to deal with this problem: Memfix[361] (GNU "copyleft" license) MemPlus[362] (Shareware US$40) MoreMem[363] (Shareware US$40) If you experience lockups or strange behavior, try setting MaxBPs=400 (or more) in the [386Enh] section of your SYSTEM.INI file. Contrary to "urban legends" it is possible to have a DOS application temporarily take over a COM port from a Windows application; i.e., it is possible to use a DOS program like DSZ[364] to handle ZMODEM file transfers for a Windows comm app with a less efficient ZMODEM implementation. The key to doing this is to set ComxAutoAssign=0, where x is the number of your modem COM port (e.g., Com1AutoAssign=0), in the [386Enh] section of your SYSTEM.INI file. (Because the exact details will vary from comm app to comm app, the rest of the exercise is left to the reader.) Updated Windows 3.x drivers[365] are available from Microsoft. Good general resources are Microsoft's: "Windows 3.1 and Serial Communications[366]" (also available as a downloadable file[367]). "Windows 3.1 Serial Communications Q & A Part 2[368]" The Windows Resource Kit[369] is also good, particularly the SYSTEM.INI section, which is viewable on the Web: Windows 3.1 Resource Kit SYSTEM.INI [386ENH] Section A-L[370] Windows 3.1 Resource Kit SYSTEM.INI [386ENH] Section M-Z[371] Button[372] [Return to top[373]] ___________________________________ What are "voice" modems? UNDER CONSTRUCTION -- PLEASE BE PATIENT. So-called voice modems fall into one (or sometimes more) of three categories: Modems that can function as an answering machine or voice-mail system. Modems that can transmit data or voice over the same connection. (Radish "VoiceView") Modems that can transmit data and voice simultaneously over the same connection. (DSVD) Note that when voice is active, the speed of data transmission drops substantially. Modems in the category 1 have been on the market for some time. Modems in categories 2 and 3 are just coming onto the market -- expect a continuing stream of new product announcements. Note: None of these (current) voice modems permit you to: Receive a voice call while your modem is in use. (For that you need a second phone line -- these modems cannot deal with Call Waiting.) Talk over the Internet. (For that you need a soundcard, and preferably one that is full-duplex, although this would be possible with a properly designed combo modem-soundcard product.) See "Modems: the make-it-happen machines for the ultimately wired of the 90's[374]" Button[375] [Return to top[376]] ___________________________________ What is ISDN? [updated 4/9/96] UNDER CONSTRUCTION -- PLEASE BE PATIENT. Probably the most likely successor to V.34, ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) provides up to 2-4 times the speed of V.34 over a standard local telephone line by using digital, rather than analog, signals. Years in the making, ISDN is finally being widely deployed in the U.S. at the time of this writing. To use ISDN you will need special, expensive equipment. A problem is that ISDN transmissions are typically not compressed; as a result, with compressible data the speed of a V.34 modem is often comparable to a single ISDN channel. In the opinion of the author, V.34 will probably be a cost-effective alternative to ISDN for years to come. Although ISDN is a digital transmission medium, there are some ISDN products that will also allow you to connect to conventional analog modems (e.g., USR Courier I-modem with ISDN/V.34[377] and ZyXEL Elite 2864I[378]). Microsoft has released the "ISDN Accelerator Pack[379]" for Windows 95, which enables Windows 95 to make Dial-up Network connections over ISDN lines. [new 4/9/96] ISDN information is available at: Ascend[380]: Pipeline 25[381] Pipeline 50 ISDN[382] Bellcore's National ISDN site[383] Best Data[384] Dan Kegel's ISDN Page[385] IBM[386]: WaveRunner[387] and WaveRunner PCMCIA[388] (see also "Mwave at Watson[389]") 7845 ISDN NT-1 Extended[390] ISDN*tek Home Page[391] (ISDN products) Pacific Bell's ISDN User's Guide[392] PSI InterRamp[393] (large ISDN ISP) Motorola ISG[394]: BitSURFR[395] BitSURFR Pro[396] Racal-Datacom BRI 2000[397] Surf Communications[398] (ISDN access) 3Com Impact ISDN Digital Modems and Adapters[399] Usenet comp.dcom.isdn[400] USRobotics[401]: Sportster ISDN 128K[402] Courier I-modem with ISDN/V.34[403] ZyXEL[404]: Elite 2864[405] Elite 2864I[406] See also: "Building The Data High Way[407]" (Byte) "Modems: the make-it-happen machines for the ultimately wired of the 90's[408]" (Motorola) "Needed: A Digital Weatherman[409]" (PC Magazine) Button[410] [Return to top[411]] ___________________________________ What are "cable modems?" [updated 3/29/96] So-called "cable modems" are devices which provide computer connectivity to and through a cable TV system. Despite a lot of hype, the technology is still experimental and the prospects are uncertain. One of several major problem is that many cable systems are not able to handle large incoming, as opposed to the more normal outgoing, bandwidth. Contact your local cable TV company for more information. See also: @Home Network[412] "The Bandwidth Tidal Wave[413]" "Building The Data High Way[414]" (Byte) "Cable Modems[415]" "Cable-modems make the scene[416]" "Cable Modem Access Moves Up to 30Mbps[417]" COGECO Cable[418] (Canada) [new 3/29/96] "Cybercable Is Coming. Who You Gonna Call?[419]" Intel CablePort (tm) Adapter[420] "The Internet Comes to Cable[421]" (PC Magazine) "Jones Intercable Chooses ANS for Internet Trial[422]" "The Looming Cable Modem Fiasco[423]" (John C. Dvorak) Cable Modems: Gold Mine or Fiasco?[424] (response to Dvorak) "Making the connection[425]" Motorola CableComm FAQ[426] "Needed: A Digital Weatherman[427]" (PC Magazine) "OTV Cablevision[428]" PC Magazine Newswatch -- 7/6/95[429] Rogers WAVE(tm)[430] "TCI Pumps $125 million into Microsoft Network[431]" "TW Jumps On High-Speed Info Bandwagon[432]" "Time Warner starts test of high speed on-line computer service[433]" "A wire is a wire is a wire is a wire[434]" "Zenith HomeWorks[435]" "Zenith Introduces Cable TV Modem[436]" Other "cable modem" resources on the Internet. (Note: This author cannot vouch for the accuracy of these resources.) Bob's cable modems[437] Cable Modem Resources on the Web[438] Internet Access via Cable Modems[439] Sam Churchill's[440]: Cable Modem Trials[441] Interactive Cable Guide[442] Button[443] [Return to top[444]] ___________________________________ What are ADSL, SDSL, and HDSL? UNDER CONSTRUCTION -- PLEASE BE PATIENT. ADSL (asymmetric-digital-subscriber-line), SDSL (symmetric-digital-subscriber-line), and HDSL (high-bit-rate, digital subscriber line) are new telco technologies that have the potential to blow ISDN[445] away. See: ADSL[446] (paper) ADSL[447] (Goldstar) "ADSL - a concept for high-speed transmission on copper lines[448]" "ADSL Chipset Sends 8 Mbps Down Phone Line[449]" (Analog Devices) ADSL Forum[450] "Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line[451]" (Motorola) "AT&T modem handles TV, 6 Mbit Internet access on copper wire[452]" AT&T Paradyne GlobeSpan Technologies[453] "AT&T Paradyne unveils powerful multimedia 'modern modem'[454]" "AT&T Paradyne VideoSpan can put video onto copper networks[455]" "Building The Data High Way[456]" (Byte) Dan Kegel's ADSL Page[457] "Needed: A Digital Weatherman[458]" (PC Magazine) "Pairgain introduces products to deliver high-speed data and internet access to the home[459]" (press release) Button[460] [Return to top[461]] ___________________________________ Any Windows 95 tips? What is TAPI? What is Plug and Play? [updated 4/11/96] UNDER CONSTRUCTION -- PLEASE BE PATIENT. Connection Statistics If you have a USR modem and want to access your ATI6 Link Diagnostics (see "Any other USRobotics tips?[462]") for a dialup TCP/IP session, do the following: 1. Run "REGEDIT" to launch the Registry Editor. 2. Find the entry for your modem, which should be something like: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Class\Modem\0000 (If you have more than one modem, the number may be 0001, 0002, etc.) 3. Change the "Reset" value, which will probably be "ATZ" or "ATZ4", to "AT&F" or "AT&F1" respectively. 4. After disconnecting from a dialup TCP/IP session, open a HyperTerminal direct connection session to your modem, type "ATI6" (no quotes), and press the key. (What you type may not be echoed to the screen, but the ATI6 output should appear.) Delrina[463] CommSuite for Windows 95 [new 3/1/96] While providing a rich feature set, this product, including WinFax PRO 7.0 and WinComm PRO 7.0, suffered in its first release from excessive memory requirements, poor performance (even on fast systems), modem compatibility problems (particularly with USRobotics modems), and bugs. The Maintenance Release corrects many (although not all) of those problems -- be sure to get it. Dial-Up SLIP and Scripting Support[464] [new 4/11/96] Adds SLIP and scripting capabilities to the basic PPP support in Windows 95 Dial-Up Networking. Part of the Windows 95 on CD-ROM Extras[465]. Freeware/Shareware for Dial-Up Networking [new 4/11/96] Dunce[466]: Dial-Up Networking Connection Enhancement Keep Going[467]: skips the dial-up Connect dialog box. RoboDUN[468]: alternative to Microsoft scripting[469]. RASPlus[470]: "Hands free" Internet connection. RTVReco[471]: automatically re-establish dropped connections. HyperTerminal PE[472] HyperTerminal Personal Edition, an upgrade to Windows 95 HyperTerminal that provides improvements (auto-redial on busy and ZMODEM Crash Recovery) as well as bug fixes, is available from Hilgraeve at no charge. Internet Explorer[473] [updated 4/11/96] Download the latest version of Microsoft's World Wide Web browser. Note: Installing Internet Explorer will give you auto-dial support for Windows 95 Dial-Up Networking with all 32-bit (but not 16-bit) Winsock applications. You can then uninstall Internet Explorer without losing auto-dial support if you prefer another browser. ISDN Accelerator Pack[474] [new 4/9/96] Enables Windows 95 to make Dial-up Network connections over ISDN lines. Plug and Play[475] Windows 95 supports "Plug and Play," a standard that makes it possible for the operating system to automatically detect and configure most peripheral devices. Plug and Play modems are available from USRobotics[476] and Supra[477]. Service Pack[478] [new 4/11/96] Various fixes and improvements have been collected by Microsoft into the first Service Pack. Highly recommended. TAPI TAPI (Telephony Application Programming Interface) is an architecture being developed by Microsoft to bring order out of the past chaos in comm software and modem interaction. "TAPI compliant" applications rely on new standard Windows services (provided by the Unimodem driver/provider) rather than controlling the modem directly, which makes it possible for multiple comm applications to share the same modem. With a proper modem INF file and a sufficiently capable modem, separate data, fax, and voice applications could be "registered" with TAPI (once Microsoft's implementation is complete) such that an incoming call is automatically connected to the right application. (See "How can I use a single phone for fax/data/voice?[479]") TAPI is being developed first for Windows 95, with Windows NT to follow. TAPI information for developers[480] is available on the Internet. [updated 4/11/96] Telephony Location Selector[481] [new 4/11/96] For mobile users, provides an easy way to change your location for telephony applications (e.g., Windows 95 Dial-Up Networking). Part of the Microsoft Power Toys[482]. Unimodem V[483] "Unimodem V is Microsoft's newest release of Unimodem, the Windows universal modem driver/telephony service provider for data/fax modems. Unimodem V provides the driver support that sits between telephony applications and voice modems and allows them to work together. This driver adds the most-requested features to support data/fax/voice modems, including wave playback and record to/from the phone line, wave playback and record to/from the handset, and support for speakerphone, Caller ID, distinctive ringing, and call forwarding." [Quote from Microsoft] Unimodem is TAPI-complaint. At initial release, Unimodem V supports the following modems: Aztech[484] Systems Cirrus Logic[485] Compaq[486] Presario[487] models 520, 720, 820, and 920 Compaq[488] Presario[489] wave driver and wrapper Creative Labs[490] Phone Blaster[491] Diamond Multimedia[492] TeleCommander 2500[493] Logicode[494] 14.4 data/fax/voice PCMCIA[495] Rockwell[496] PCMCIA reference design Updated Drivers[497] [updated 4/9/96] Audio[498] CD-ROM[499] Display[500] IrDA (Infrared Driver)[501] ISDN Accelerator Pack[502] Modem (Microsoft)[503] Mouse[504] Network[505] Other[506] Pointer[507] Printers[508] Storage[509] Unimodem V[510] UPS[511] Button[512] [Return to top[513]] ___________________________________ Any other sources of related information? American National Standards Institute[514] (ANSI) Committee T1 Telecommunications[515] Communications Week[516] (magazine) comp.dcom.fax FAQ[517] (Frequently Asked Questions about Fax) DataComm-US[518] Electronic Engineering Times[519] (magazine) Federal Communications Commission[520] (FCC) Glossary of Telecommunication Terms[521] (FS-1037C) IEEE Communications Society[522] IEEE Standards[523] Information Infrastructure Task Force[524] (IITF) International Communications Industries Association[525] (ICIA) International Organization for Standardization[526] (ISO) International Telecommunication Union[527] (ITU, home of the V.nn standards) National Telecommunications and Information Administration[528] (NTIA, part of U.S. Department of Commerce) Telecom Information Resources[529] Telecommunications legislation[530] Usenet[531] (newsgroups) Button[532] [Return to top[533]] ___________________________________ How can I connect my modem to a digital phone system? Your modem won't work on the kind of digital phone that you typically find in businesses and hotel rooms, and it can be hard to find a standard phone jack when you need one. There are a number of devices on the market to solve the problem. Typically you have to disconnect the handset from a digital phone, plug the handset into the device, and then plug the device into the handset jack on the phone. Then you connect your modem to the device with a standard phone cord. The author gives a qualified recommendation to the Digital Phone System Enabler, available from IBM PC Direct[534] for US$105. (Hardware products like the Digital Phone System Enabler are not on the IBM PC Direct Web page. Call 800/426-2968 or 919/517-2430 and ask for part number 92G7519.) The product can be powered by a 9v battery or from an AC power adapter, both of which are included. (The biggest weakness of the Digital Phone System Enabler is that, like other similar products, you have to experiment with a non-intuitive 4-position switch.) Button[535] [Return to top[536]] ___________________________________ What modem initialization string should I use? The best source for modem initialization strings is the documentation that came with your modem, or other information provided by your modem manufacturer. Many comm apps are another good source because they come with recommended initialization strings. Otherwise you may want to check Ask Mr. Modem[537]. (Note: This author cannot vouch for the accuracy of Ask Mr. Modem.) Button[538] [Return to top[539]] ___________________________________ Where can I get information on my Rockwell-based modem? [updated 4/11/96] The best source for information is of course the modem manufacturer[540]. Generic information is available from Rockwell International[541]. "RPI" (ROCKWELL PROTOCOL INTERFACE) The author advises against the purchase of any RPI modem. RPI uses your system processor, rather than a processor in the modem, to implement protocols. This requires special software support, which may well not be available for your favorite comm app. Rockwell propaganda: The RPI FAQ[542] V.42bis and MNP5 for Less Using RPI[543] Rockwell's generic WINRPI drivers[544] for Windows 3.x and Windows 95. [updated 4/11/96] List of comm apps that support RPI[545] Button[546] [Return to top[547]] ___________________________________ What about magazine reviews? Take magazine modem reviews with a grain of salt -- few if any magazines perform the kind of thorough interoperability and real-world tests that are needed to properly compare modems. Note that the apparently diverse computer magazine publishing field is actually dominated by a relatively small number of publishers, particularly Ziff Davis[548]. Reviews from different magazines owned by the same publisher tend to have a shared editorial bias, if for no other reason than that testing is often done by a shared facility (e.g., ZD Labs[549]). The publisher is noted in parentheses: BYTE Magazine[550] (McGraw-Hill[551]) July 1994[552] June 1995[553] c|net[554] January 1996[555] Computer Life[556] (Ziff Davis[557]) October 1995[558] Computer Shopper[559] (Ziff Davis[560]) May 1995[561] December 1995 Modem Shopper's Guide[562] MacUser[563] (Ziff Davis[564]) 1995 Product Index: Modems[565] Network Computing[566] (CMP[567]) June 1995[568] PC Magazine[569] (Ziff Davis[570]) October 1995[571] PC World[572] (IDG[573]) Top 10 Modems (November 1995) Windows Magazine[574] (CMP[575]) August 1995[576] Button[577] [Return to top[578]] ___________________________________ Which 28800 modem should I buy? [updated 3/29/96] In the opinion of the author, 28800 modems are still too immature to shop on price alone because there are still performance and interoperability problems. (To avoid interoperability problems you may want to purchase the same brand as the modem you will be most frequently calling.) Take magazine modem reviews with a grain of salt -- few if any magazines perform the kind of thorough interoperability and real-world tests that are needed to properly compare modems. (See "What about magazine reviews?[579]") Furthermore, like software, modem preferences are a highly personal matter -- a terrific modem for one person may be a dog for another person, and vice versa. That noted, the personal assessment of the author is as follows: MEDIUM-HIGH END USRobotics Courier V.Everything[580] In the opinion of the author, this is quite simply the best reasonably-priced modem available. It's a particularly good choice if you have poor phone lines, if you have to make difficult connections, or if you have to connect to a wide range of modems. A strength that the Courier shares with the Sportster is that its DSP code is stored with its firmware (in Flash in the Courier, ROM in the Sportster), so that it can be easily updated (unlike most modems, which have fixed "datapumps"). A firmware update[581] (7/5/95 or later for USA modems) that supports Selective Reject[582] and draft V.34 speeds up to 33.6 Kbps is now available. The Courier is a good choice for a small BBS, and USR has an attractive SYSOP program. Otherwise the best way to get a good deal may be to find a cheap used 9600 bps or above Courier and take advantage of the USR upgrade program[583]. Motorola[584] * V.3400[585]: A reputation as an excellent, if pricey, modem. Not evaluated by the author. Does not support V.FC. * Premier 33.6[586]: Not yet available. Claimed maximum compression is 8:1. Does not support V.FC. Microcom[587] A reputation for very good modems. Not evaluated by the author. Penril[588] A reputation for excellent, if pricey, modems. Not evaluated by the author. Telebit[589] A reputation for excellent, if pricey, modems. Not evaluated by the author. Does not support V.FC. Zyxel[590] The new Elite 2864[591] is feature rich (although it does not support V.FC), Flash upgradable, and has the added advantage of being user-upgradable to ISDN (Elite 2864I). However, in the author's tests it does not yet measure up to other modems in connection speed and reliability. AT&T Paradyne[592] A reputation for excellent, if pricey, modems. Not evaluated by the author. Does not support V.FC. Supports a proprietary V.34 extension for speeds up to 33.6 Kbps. (Note: Paradyne is reportedly up for sale, so its future is uncertain -- see "AT&T Seeks Buyer For Paradyne[593]" and "PC Magazine Newswatch for Thursday, October 19, 1995[594]") CONSUMER GRADE Motorola[595] An excellent company with a reputation for excellent products, and early reports on the new Power Class[596] and Lifestyle[597] modems (distinguished from each other only by features) are mostly positive. However, there have been reports of a few problems (e.g., Motorola's Customer Note of July 27, 1995[598], which Motorola is to be commended for publishing). Limitations include no V.FC, and no Class 2 or 2.0 fax. A promising newcomer to the consumer market. USRobotics Sportster 28800/33600[599] The popularly-priced Sportster 28800/33600 uses the same DSP as the Courier V.Everything and is a very good modem. A strength of the Sportster is that it supports several optional V.34 features (notably split speed[600]) that are not supported by some other popularly-priced modems. Be sure to get firmware dated 4/18/95 or later for USA modems; if necessary, call USR (708-982-5151) to get an upgrade. Certain 28800 Sportster models can be inexpensively upgraded to 33600 (including Selective Reject[601]). * The "Vi" model includes voicemail and VoiceView (the ability to switch back and forth between voice and data on the same call) capabilities. It is otherwise the same as the standard model. * The "Vi with DSVD" model includes Flash (like the Courier V.Everything) and DSVD (simultaneous voice and data over the same connection) capabilities. * Warning: The Sportster "WinModem" is a proprietary design that requires special USR drivers that work only under Microsoft Windows. Make sure that you are willing to live with the attendant risks and inherent limitations before purchasing any proprietary product. [new 3/29/96] * Warning: The Sportster Si is essentially a Rockwell "Glue 'n Go" clone (see below); worse, it uses software (RPI[602]) rather than hardware protocols. The author advises against the purchase of any RPI modem. (See Where can I get information on my Rockwell-based modem?[603]) * Warning: USR has indiscriminately slapped the "Sportster" name on so many different products that the author no longer feels it is a reliable product guide. For example, recent "Sportster 28800" modems have considerably different S-register settings as compared to the original "Sportster 28800" product. This invalidates a good deal of advice, including some of the material in this FAQ. Supra[604] In the opinion of the author, Supra is the probably the best bet among the Rockwell chipset-based modems, particularly now that it has released firmware that supports split speeds[605]. Multi-Tech[606] Although high-end Multi-Tech modems have a good reputation, the author cannot recommend the popularly-priced MT2834ZDX. In the author's head-to-head real-world tests against the USR Sportster 28800, the MT2834ZDX was consistently one step slower, worse on difficult connections; in addition, operational idiosyncrasies caused problems with certain comm apps (e.g., HyperACCESS for Windows). Hayes[607] Although Hayes has made excellent modems in the past, of late it has been slipping, and its 28800 products have exhibited interoperability problems. Because Hayes (inc. PPI) is now in the process of emerging from Chapter 11 (Bankruptcy) protection, the author no longer recommends against the purchase of Hayes products, but still advises caution for at least the next few months. Practical Peripherals Inc.[608] (PPI) PPI is owned by and has been folded into Hayes. The same general comments apply. AT&T[609] AT&T has bailed out of consumer modems[610]. Although good liquidation deals may be found, support could be a problem. Also be warned that there were two completely different AT&T consumer modem lines with similar names. The Dataport was based on AT&T's own modem technology; the low-cost Dataport Express was essentially a Rockwell "Glue 'n Go" clone (see below). "Glue 'n Go" clones In the opinion of the author, companies that simply slap a modem chipset on a board are currently a poor bet given the immaturity of 28800 products. (The author puts Best Data[611], Boca[612], GVC, and Zoom[613] in this category.) Many do not support optional V.34 features such as split speeds[614]. Other modem companies on the Internet include: Creative Labs[615] Diamond Multimedia[616] IBM[617] Whatever modem you decide to purchase, the author strongly recommends that you get a return privilege from the dealer (in case you run into problems). Note: No consumer grade modem should be used for a large BBS or an Internet service provider. In the long run the savings in maintenance and support costs with rack mount modems more than offsets their higher initial purchase price. The author recommends the USRobotics Total Control[618] system. Button[619] [Return to top[620]] ___________________________________ Where can I get a good deal on a modem? In the opinion of the author, 28800 modems are still too immature to shop on price alone. If you run into (all too common) performance or interoperability problems, the best way to deal with them may be to return the modem and try a different brand, which may not be possible with a low price source. The author recommends WH Networks Communications[621]. Other sources on the Internet include: Computer Express[622] PC Catalog[623] Sparco Communications[624]. One of the best mail-order sources is Computability[625] (800/554-9950 or 414/357-8181). Please note that the author has no connection to any of the sources listed here. Button[626] [Return to top[627]] ___________________________________ Archtek Telecom (Taiwan) on the Internet Archtek Telecom Home Page[628] Product Information: SmartLink 2834A/BA[629] SmartLink 2834PE[630] (PC Card) Product Support: FTP server[631] Technical Support[632] What's New[633] Button[634] [Return to top[635]] ___________________________________ Best Data on the Internet Best Data Home Page[636] Product Information[637] FTP Server[638] (files) To get technical support: Send email to bestdata@aol.com[639] Button[640] [Return to top[641]] ___________________________________ Boca Research on the Internet [updated 4/11/96] 8/25/95: Acquisition of Hayes Microcomputer Products by Boca Research falls apart. Press accounts suggest that the deal collapsed due to fundamental differences in management. Boca Research Home Page[642] Product Information[643] Technical Information[644] FTP server[645] (files) Technical Support[646] (form) Button[647] [Return to top[648]] ___________________________________ Cardinal Technologies on the Internet Cardinal Technologies Home Page[649] To get technical support: Send email to techs@cardtech.com[650] Button[651] [Return to top[652]] ___________________________________ Creative Labs on the Internet Creative Labs Home Page[653] Product Information[654] Technical Information[655] Phone Blaster: Ancilla Update[656] FAQ[657] FTP server[658] (files) To get technical support: Send email to support@creaf.com[659] Button[660] [Return to top[661]] ___________________________________ Diamond Multimedia on the Internet Diamond Multimedia Home Page[662] Product Information[663] FTP server[664] (files) To get technical support: Send email to diamondts@aol.com[665] or 75300.3673@compuserve.com[666] Button[667] [Return to top[668]] ___________________________________ Global Village on the Internet Global Village Home Page[669] Product Information[670] Product Support[671] Comment form[672] Send email to techsupport@globalvillage.com[673] Button[674] [Return to top[675]] ___________________________________ Hayes (and PPI) on the Internet [updated 4/18/96] Hayes has lined up new investors, obtained approval of a revised Reorganization Plan from the Bankruptcy Judge, and hired a new CEO. Additional information: "IBM exec to be named CEO of Hayes[676]" [new 4/17/96] "Hayes to step back from helm[677]" [new 4/17/96] "Hayes Lines Up New Investors[678]" [new 4/11/96] "Hayes Seeks Funds After Nortel Backs Out[679]" [new 4/2/96] "Hayes eyes new start, future IPO for modem maker[680]" [new 3/15/96] "Judge OKs Hayes' independence[681]" [new 3/8/96] "Diamond ups its buyout bid for Hayes for the third time[682]" "Menacing Dennis[683]" "U.S. Robotics withdraws bid for Hayes"[684] "Hayes says it has financial backing for reorganization[685]" "US Robotics Eyes Hayes[686]" "U.S. Robotics files papers in Hayes bankrutpcy case[687]" "Hayes confident as Bankruptcy Court opens up bidding[688]" Diamond Press Release on bid for Hayes[689] "Bidding war for Hayes set to begin this Monday[690]" "Bankruptcy court nixes Hayes' bid for extension to find funding[691]" "Hayes pushes for court extension[692]" "Dennis Hayes mulls his future without Boca Research[693]" "Hayes and Boca: Playing the waiting game[694]" "Boca Research bails on Hayes merger; execs swap charges[695]" "Hayes Trying to Bail Out of Boca Merger[696]" INTERNET: Hayes Home Page[697] Product Information[698] Technical Tips[699] FTP server[700] (files): Windows 95 drivers for ESP board[701] Reference Manual for OPTIMA 288 Business Modems[702] Telnet to the Hayes BBS[703] To get technical support: Send email to support@os.hayes.com[704] Practical Peripherals Inc.[705] (PPI, now folded into Hayes) Product Information[706] Technical Tips[707] FTP server[708] (files) Contact Information[709] To get technical support: Send email to support@practinet.com[710] Button[711] [Return to top[712]] ___________________________________ Intertex (Sweden) on the Internet Intertex Home Page[713] Product Information[714] Firmware updates and scripts[715] Windows 95 INF files for: Intertex modems[716] PowerBit modems[717] To get technical support: Send email to intertex@algonet.se[718] Button[719] [Return to top[720]] ___________________________________ Logicode (Quicktel) on the Internet [new 4/11/96] Logicode Home Page[721] Product Information[722] DSVD Modems[723] Fax/Modems[724] High Speed Serial Cards[725] PCMCIA Fax/Modems[726] Quickwave[727] Voice Mail/Fax/Modems[728] Technical Information[729] Technical Support[730] (form) Button[731] [Return to top[732]] ___________________________________ MaxTech (GVC) on the Internet MaxTech Home Page[733] Product Information[734] Technical Information[735] Files by FTP[736] To get technical support: Send email to support@maxcorp.com[737] Button[738] [Return to top[739]] ___________________________________ Megahertz on the Internet Megahertz Home Page[740] Product Information 28,800bps PCMCIA Modems[741] CruiseCard Modems for Apple PowerBooks[742] Technical Information[743] Firmware updates[744] To get technical support: Send email to techsupport@mhz.com[745] Button[746] [Return to top[747]] ___________________________________ Microcom on the Internet Microcom Home Page[748] Product Information DeskPorte 28.8P[749], FAST[750] and FAST+[751] DeskPorte S Series[752] TravelCard 28.8P[753] and FAST[754] TravelPorte FAST[755] FTP server[756] (info, documentation, troubleshooting, firmware, etc.) Technical Support[757] (form) Button[758] [Return to top[759]] ___________________________________ miro Computer Products on the Internet miro Home Page[760] Product Information[761] Software Updates[762] Technical Information[763] Technical Support[764] Button[765] [Return to top[766]] ___________________________________ Motorola ISG on the Internet Motorola ISG Home Page[767] Product Information V.3400[768] Premier 33.6[769] Power Class[770] Lifestyle[771] and Lifestyle PCMCIA[772] BitSURFR[773] and BitSURFR Pro[774] (ISDN) Technical Information[775] Firmware and software updates[776] FTP server[777] Direct technical support is not available on the Internet Button[778] [Return to top[779]] ___________________________________ Multi-Tech on the Internet Multi-Tech Home Page[780] Product Information[781] Firmware updates[782] Technical Notes[783] To get technical support: Send email to techsupport@multitech.com[784] Button[785] [Return to top[786]] ___________________________________ Penril on the Internet Penril Home Page[787] Product Information[788] Support[789]: FTP server[790] (files) Firmware and software updates[791] Technical Information[792] Technical Support[793] (form) Button[794] [Return to top[795]] ___________________________________ Supra on the Internet Supra is now owned by Diamond Multimedia[796], which is making a bid to acquire Hayes[797] as well. If Diamond is successful, it will become a major modem player. Supra Home Page[798] Product Information[799] Files may be obtained from ftp.Supra.com[800] Latest Flash update[801] Information on: "Silent Answer[802]" feature "SmartUART[803]" feature Windows 95 INF files: mdmsupra.inf[804] mdmsupra1.inf[805] To get technical support: Send email to SupraTech@Supra.com[806] Button[807] [Return to top[808]] ___________________________________ Telebit on the Internet Telebit Home Page[809] Product Information[810] Product Documentation[811] FTP server[812] To get technical support: Send email to support@telebit.com[813] Button[814] [Return to top[815]] ___________________________________ USRobotics on the Internet [updated 4/1/96] USRobotics Home Page[816] Files (including manuals and Courier Flash updates) may be obtained from ftp.USR.com[817] Sportster[818]: Latest DSVD firmware (USA modems)[819], now including speeds up to 33.6 Kbps [updated 4/1/96] Sportster V.FC/V.34-specific commands (ASCII format)[820] Sportster high-speed manual in: ASCII format[821] Microsoft Word format[822] Windows Help format[823] Windows 95 INF files: Sportster (non-Vi)[824] Sportster Vi[825] Courier[826]: V.34 manual (ASCII format)[827] Latest V.34 firmware (USA modems)[828], now including speeds up to 33.6 Kbps, Caller ID, Distinctive Ring, Plug and Play, Carrier Loss Dialback, and a number of fixes and improvements Windows 95 INF files: Courier analog modems[829] Courier I-Modem[830] To get technical support: Send blank email to Support@USR.com[831] and you should get a response within 48 hours. To get sales information: Send blank email to Sales@USR.com[832] and you should get a response within 48 hours. Button[833] [Return to top[834]] ___________________________________ Zoom Telephonics on the Internet Zoom Home Page[835] Product Information[836] File Library[837] Technical Support[838] Button[839] [Return to top[840]] ___________________________________ ZyXEL on the Internet [updated 4/18/96] ZyXEL USA Home Page[841] List of ZyXEL sites worldwide[842] Product Information[843] Elite 2864[844] Omni 288[845] Technical Information[846] Elite 2864 User Manual (Adobe PDF format)[847] Windows 95/NT Installation Tips[848] WIndows 3.x Parallel Port Driver for Elite modems[849] Windows 95 INF file for Elite modems[850] Windows NT INF file for Elite modems[851] Flash ROM 1.12 for Elite 2864 modems[852] Flash ROM 2.01 for Elite 2864I modems[853] FTP servers (files) ZyXEL Europe[854] ZyXEL Taiwan[855] ZyXEL USA[856] To get technical support: Send email to tech@zyxel.com[857] Button[858] [Return to top[859]] ___________________________________ Trademarks belong to their owners. *** References from this document *** [orig] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html [1] http://www.zdnet.com/pcweek/news/0415/17ehayes.html [2] http://www.zdnet.com/pcweek/news/0415/17eform.html [3] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FaxDataVoice [4] http://www.datastorm.com/announcement.html [5] ftp://ftp.hayes.com/pub/esp/espwin95.exe [6] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Windows95 [7] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Windows95 [8] http://www.penril.com/ [9] http://www.mot.com/MIMS/ISG/PressAnnouncements/103095-1.html [10] mailto:support@usr.com [11] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Consumer [12] http://www.zdnet.com/~pcweek/news/1002/oatt.html [13] http://www.diamondmm.com/press-releases/suprarelease.html [14] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#WindowsLockup [15] http://www.zyxel.com/ [16] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#HighEnd [17] http://www.mot.com/MIMS/ISG/Products/28.8_note.html [18] 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http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#CallerID [53] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#CallWaiting [54] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#LineProtector [55] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#AdaptiveAnswer [56] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#USRTips [57] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#WindowsTips [58] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Voice [59] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#ISDN [60] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#CableModems [61] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#SDSL_ADSL_HDSL [62] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Windows95 [63] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#RelatedInfo [64] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#DigitalPhone [65] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#InitializationStrings [66] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#RockwellInfo [67] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#MagazineReviews [68] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#BestModem [69] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#ModemDeal [70] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Archtek [71] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#BestData [72] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Boca [73] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Cardinal [74] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#CreativeLabs [75] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#DiamondMM [76] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#GlobalVillage [77] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#MaxTech [78] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Hayes [79] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Intertex [80] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#LogicodeQuicktel [81] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#MaxTech [82] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Megahertz [83] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Microcom [84] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#miro [85] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Motorola [86] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#MultiTech [87] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Penril [88] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#SupraNet [89] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Telebit [90] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#USRNet [91] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Zoom [92] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#ZyXEL [93] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#BPS19200 [94] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [95] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [96] http://www.nb.rockwell.com/ [97] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#SplitSpeed [98] gopher://kupe.itu.ch/11/.1/itudoc/public/gophermenus/.1/.gs/.press-re/.1994/.23897 [99] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#SplitSpeed [100] http://www.usr.com/ [101] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Voice [102] http://www.intel.com/IAL/plugplay/plugplay.html [103] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Windows95 [104] http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/isdn-faq/faq.html [105] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#ISDN [106] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#CableModems [107] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#SDSL_ADSL_HDSL [108] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#UART16550 [109] http://www.teleport.com/~usb/ [110] http://www.mot.com/../MIMS/ISG/Papers/Modems_WhitePaper/E3_WhitePaper.html [111] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [112] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [113] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [114] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [115] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [116] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [117] http://www.teleport.com/~usb/ [118] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#CRCErrors [119] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#ThirdPartyDrivers [120] http://www.nsc.com/ [121] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#WindowsLockup [122] http://www.microsoft.com/kb/softlib/mslfiles/WW0440.EXE [123] http://www.teleport.com/~usb/ [124] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [125] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [126] http://www.whnet.com/wolfgang/ [127] http://www.smc.com/ [128] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#WindowsLockup [129] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [130] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [131] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#UART16550 [132] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#WindowsLockup [133] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#VideoDrivers [134] http://www.s3.com/ [135] http://www.s3.com/support/enduser/ [136] http://www.microsoft.com/Support/KBSL/PEROPSYS/windows/Q85580.htm [137] http://www.microsoft.com/Support/KBSL/PEROPSYS/windows/Q107645.htm [138] http://www.datastorm.com/ [139] http://www.microsoft.com/Support/KBSL/PEROPSYS/windows/Q119579.htm [140] http://www.microsoft.com/kb/softlib/mslfiles/SPEAK.EXE [141] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#ThirdPartyDrivers [142] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#UART16550 [143] ftp://ftp.delrina.com/pub/patches/windows/winfaxpro30/wfxcom.exe [144] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [145] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [146] ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc879.txt [147] http://marketplace.com:70/0/tia/tia.faqs/tia.single.instruct [148] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#TrumpetTips [149] http://www.webcom.com/~llarrow/trouble.html [150] http://www.morningstar.com/MorningStar/slip-ppp-compare.html [151] http://www.morningstar.com/MorningStar/ppp-talk/subsubsection3.1.2.3.html [152] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#TrumpetTips [153] news:alt.winsock.trumpet [154] ftp://oak.oakland.edu/SimTel/win3/winsock/twsk20b.zip [155] ftp://papa.indstate.edu/winsock-l/winsock/twsk21f.zip [156] gopher://risc.ua.edu/11/network/pegasus [157] news:bit.listserv.pmail [158] http://www.mcom.com/ [159] http://www.adobe.com/Software/Acrobat/ [160] http://quicktime.apple.com/ [161] http://www.realaudio.com/ [162] http://world.std.com/~mmedia/lviewp.html [163] http://www.winzip.com/winzip/ [164] http://www.forteinc.com/forte/ [165] ftp://ftp.usma.edu/pub/msdos/winsock.files/ [166] http://www.lysator.liu.se/~zander/ewan.html [167] ftp://ftp.usma.edu/pub/msdos/winsock.files/ [168] ftp://oak.oakland.edu/SimTel/win3/winsock/wsfngr15.zip [169] http://www.tucows.com/files/nslookup.zip [170] gopher://ftp.cica.indiana.edu/55/pc/win3/winsock/tardis2a.zip [171] http://www.microsoft.com/msoffice/freestuf/msword/download/ia/default.htm [172] http://www.winternet.com/~jasc/ [173] http://world.std.com/~mmedia/lviewp.html [174] ftp://ftp.xmission.com/pub/users/a/adm/software/cool151.zip [175] http://cwsapps.texas.net/ [176] ftp://papa.indstate.edu/winsock-l/ [177] http://www.tucows.com/tindex.html [178] news:alt.winsock [179] http://marketplace.com/tia/tiahome.html [180] http://www.webcom.com/~llarrow/tiarefg.html [181] news:alt.dcom.slip-emulators [182] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [183] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [184] ftp://oak.oakland.edu/SimTel/win3/winsock/twsk20b.zip [185] ftp://papa.indstate.edu/winsock-l/winsock/twsk21f.zip [186] ftp://papa.indstate.edu/winsock-l/winsock/tcpmeter.exe [187] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#WindowsTips [188] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [189] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [190] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#CRCErrors [191] http://www.ast.com/files.htm [192] http://www.atitech.ca/drivers/drivers.html [193] http://www.bocaresearch.com/support/ftpmain.htm [194] ftp://ftp.cirrus.com/pub/support/desktop/ [195] http://www-es.compaq.com/cgi-bin/present/graphics/support/drvVideo.html [196] http://www.us.dell.com/filelib/252.htm [197] ftp://ftp.diamondmm.com/pub/display/ [198] http://www.microsoft.com/kb/softlib/bldqpage.idc?ProductPage=q_vid3x&ProductTitle=Windows+3.x+Display+Drivers [199] http://www.microsoft.com/windows/software/drivers/display.htm [200] http://www.microsoft.com/isapi/support/bldqpage.idc?ProductPage=q_vidnt&ProductTitle=Windows+NT+Display+Drivers [201] http://www.s3.com/support/enduser/ [202] http://www.pc.digital.com/~ftp/ [203] http://www.gw2k.com/ftp/14.htm [204] http://www.genoasys.com/ [205] http://www.hercules.com/support/drivers.htm [206] ftp://ftp.hp.com/html/486_pent.html#video [207] http://www.ibm.com/ [208] http://os2.ibm.be/bbs/ [209] http://os2.ibm.be/bbs/19/index.html [210] ftp://ftp.matrox.com/pub/mga [211] http://www.microsoft.com/ [212] http://www.microsoft.com/kb/softlib/bldqpage.idc?ProductPage=q_vid3x&ProductTitle=Windows+3.x+Display+Drivers [213] http://www.microsoft.com/windows/software/drivers/display.htm [214] http://www.microsoft.com/isapi/support/bldqpage.idc?ProductPage=q_vidnt&ProductTitle=Windows+NT+Display+Drivers [215] ftp://ftp.nine.com/pub/ [216] http://www.packardbell.com/gfx/support/ftp/00index.html [217] http://www.s3.com/support/enduser/ [218] http://www.stb.com/ftp_files/ [219] http://www.wdc.com/support/ftp/ [220] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [221] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [222] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#CRCErrors [223] http://www.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Companies/Computers/Peripherals/Storage/ [224] http://www.iomega.com/download.htm [225] http://www.maxtor.com/bbsindex.html [226] http://www.seagate.com/techsuppt/win32drv.html [227] ftp://ftp.syquest.com/pub/drivers/ [228] http://www.wdc.com/support/ftp/ [229] http://www.ibm.com/ [230] http://os2.ibm.be/bbs/ [231] http://os2.ibm.be/bbs/6A/index.html [232] http://os2.ibm.be/bbs/20/index.html [233] http://www.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Companies/Computers/Peripherals/Storage/Controller_Cards/ [234] ftp://ftp.buslogic.com/ [235] http://www.promise.com/techsupp.htm [236] http://www.tekram.com/drivers/ [237] http://www.microsoft.com/ [238] http://www.microsoft.com/windows/software/drivers/storage.htm [239] http://www.microsoft.com/isapi/support/bldqpage.idc?ProductPage=q_scsint&ProductTitle=Windows+NT+SCSI+Drivers [240] http://www.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Companies/Computers/Peripherals/Storage/Controller_Cards/ [241] http://www.adaptec.com/techsupp/ezscsi/ezscsi.html [242] ftp://ftp.buslogic.com/ [243] http://www.promise.com/techsupp.htm [244] http://qlogic.qlc.com/QLogic-bbs/ [245] http://www.tekram.com/drivers/ [246] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [247] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [248] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [249] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [250] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [251] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [252] http://www.microsoft.com/Support/KBSL/PEROPSYS/windows/Q114574.htm [253] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [254] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [255] http://www.microsoft.com/Support/KBSL/PEROPSYS/windows/Q119579.htm [256] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#BufferSize [257] http://www.microsoft.com/Support/KBSL/DEVELOPR/win_dk/Q108928.htm [258] ftp://oak.oakland.edu/SimTel/win3/commprog/cybercom.zip [259] ftp://ftp.delrina.com/pub/patches/windows/winfaxpro30/wfxcom.exe [260] http://www.delrina.com/ [261] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#WindowsTips [262] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [263] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [264] ftp://ftp.iafrica.com/pub/user_contributed/msdos/wflisten.zip [265] ftp://ftp.iafrica.com/pub/user_contributed/msdos/wfstatus.zip [266] http://www.multitech.com/ [267] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#UART16550 [268] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Windows95 [269] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FaxDataVoice [270] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#AdaptiveAnswer [271] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [272] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [273] ftp://oak.oakland.edu/SimTel/win3/commprog/modsta18.zip [274] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#USRTips [275] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [276] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [277] http://www.smc.com/ [278] http://www.microsoft.com/Support/KBSL/DEVELOPR/win_dk/Q119853.htm [279] http://198.105.232.5/KB/bussys/winnt/Q103108.htm [280] ftp://ftp.smc.com/pub/chips/superio/serial.zip [281] http://www.microsoft.com/kb/softlib/mslfiles/WG1001.EXE [282] http://198.105.232.5/KB/bussys/winnt/Q103108.htm [283] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#UART16550 [284] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#TrumpetTips [285] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [286] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [287] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [288] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [289] http://www.hilgraeve.com/ [290] http://www.delrina.com/ [291] ftp://ftp.delrina.com/pub/product/windows/wincommlite/ [292] ftp://ftp.delrina.com/pub/product/dos/freecomm/ [293] ftp://softronics.com/pub/shareware/ [294] http://delta.com/ [295] ftp://oak.oakland.edu/SimTel/win3/commprog/uc-31.zip [296] ftp://oak.oakland.edu/SimTel/win3/commprog/wnqvt487.zip [297] ftp://oak.oakland.edu/SimTel/win3/commprog/wramp121.zip [298] http://www.delrina.com/ [299] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#USRTips [300] http://www.delrina.com/ [301] http://www.symantec.com/ [302] http://www.datastorm.com/ [303] http://www.microsoft.com/Support/KBSL/DEVELOPR/win_dk/Q86230.htm [304] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [305] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [306] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#USRTips [307] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl05/usrsdl.exe [308] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [309] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [310] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Retraining [311] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#USRTips [312] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#TrumpetTips [313] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#BackOnline [314] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Connect28800 [315] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [316] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [317] http://www.blackbox.com/ [318] http://www.hello-direct.com/hd/ [319] http://www.sparco.com/ [320] ftp://ftp.supra.com/pub/windows/wfaxaa.txt [321] http://www.supra.com/ [322] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Voice [323] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#AdaptiveAnswer [324] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#BestWindowsComm [325] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Windows95 [326] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Windows95 [327] http://www.delrina.com/ [328] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl07/mdmusrvi.inf [329] http://www.microsoft.com/windows/software/drivers/unimodem.htm [330] ftp://ftp.delrina.com/pub/patches/windows95/winfaxpro70/ [331] http://lake.canberra.edu.au/pub/samba/ [332] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [333] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [334] http://www.fcc.gov/ [335] http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/Common_Carrier/News_Releases/nrcc4002.txt [336] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [337] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [338] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [339] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [340] http://www.blackbox.com/ [341] http://www.hello-direct.com/hd/ [342] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FaxDataVoice [343] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [344] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [345] http://www.datastorm.com/ [346] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [347] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [348] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#SREJ [349] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Disconnections [350] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#SplitSpeed [351] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#BackOnline [352] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#TrumpetTips [353] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Retraining [354] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/usri6_11.txt [355] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#ThirdPartyDrivers [356] 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http://www.logicode.com/cathigh.html [726] http://www.logicode.com/catpcmcia.html [727] http://www.logicode.com/cat24.html [728] http://www.logicode.com/catvoice.html [729] http://www.logicode.com/faq.html [730] http://www.logicode.com/techemail.html [731] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [732] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [733] http://www.maxcorp.com/ [734] http://www.maxcorp.com/product/index.htm [735] http://www.maxcorp.com/maxhelp/index.htm [736] http://www.maxcorp.com/ftp/default.htm [737] mailto:support@maxcorp.com [738] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [739] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [740] http://www.xmission.com/~mhz/ [741] http://www.xmission.com/~mhz/sp288.htm [742] http://www.xmission.com/~mhz/hmmac.htm [743] http://www.xmission.com/~mhz/hmsupp.htm [744] http://www.xmission.com/~mhz/tsfirm.htm [745] mailto:techsupport@mhz.com [746] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [747] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [748] http://www.microcom.com/ [749] http://www.microcom.com/modems/3_dp288p.htm [750] http://www.microcom.com/modems/3_dpf.htm [751] http://www.microcom.com/modems/3_dpff.htm [752] http://www.microcom.com/modems/dpsserie.htm [753] http://www.microcom.com/modems/3_tc288p.htm [754] http://www.microcom.com/modems/3_tcf.htm [755] http://www.microcom.com/modems/3_tpf.htm [756] ftp://ftp.microcom.com/pub/modems [757] http://www.microcom.com/cgi-bin/mailto-2.pl [758] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [759] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [760] http://www.miro.com/ [761] http://www.miro.com/miro/world/products/prod_int.htm#connect [762] http://www.miro.com/miro/world/techsup/update.htm#connect [763] http://www.miro.com/miro/world/techsup/faq.htm#connect [764] http://www.miro.com/miro/world/local/options.htm [765] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [766] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [767] http://www.motorola.com/MIMS/ISG/ [768] http://www.motorola.com/MIMS/ISG/Products/V3400/ [769] http://www.mot.com/MIMS/ISG/Products/premier336/ [770] http://www.motorola.com/MIMS/ISG/Products/PowerClass28.8/ [771] http://www.motorola.com/MIMS/ISG/Products/Lifestyle28.8/ [772] http://www.mot.com/MIMS/ISG/Products/lifestyle288pcmcia/ [773] http://www.mot.com/MIMS/ISG/Products/BSRF/ [774] http://www.mot.com/MIMS/ISG/Products/bitsurfr_pro/ [775] http://www.motorola.com/MIMS/ISG/Service_Support/techa.html [776] http://www.motorola.com/MIMS/ISG/Service_Support/software.html [777] http://www.motorola.com/pub/MIMS/ISG/ [778] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [779] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [780] http://www.multitech.com/ [781] http://www.multitech.com/products.html [782] http://www.multitech.com/firmware.html [783] http://www.multitech.com/technote.html [784] mailto:techsupport@multitech.com [785] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [786] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [787] http://www.penril.com/ [788] http://www.penril.com/product/prod.html [789] http://www.penril.com/tech/techtop.html [790] ftp://ftp.penril.com/pub/ [791] http://www.penril.com/tech/download.html [792] http://www.penril.com/tech/techtips.html [793] http://www.penril.com/tech/techform.html [794] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [795] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [796] http://www.diamondmm.com/ [797] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#Hayes [798] http://www.supra.com/ [799] http://www.supra.com/Products.html [800] ftp://ftp.supra.com/pub/ [801] http://www.supra.com/Support/flasher.html [802] ftp://ftp.supra.com/pub/gen_info/sil_ansr.txt [803] ftp://ftp.supra.com/pub/windows/file1210.doc [804] ftp://ftp.supra.com/pub/windows/mdmsupra.inf [805] ftp://ftp.supra.com/pub/windows/mdmsupra1.inf [806] mailto:SupraTech@Supra.com [807] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [808] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [809] http://www.telebit.com/ [810] http://www.telebit.com/ProductS/modems.html [811] http://www.telebit.com/DocumentS/ [812] http://www.telebit.com/SupporT/ftp.html [813] mailto:support@telebit.com [814] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [815] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [816] http://www.usr.com/ [817] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/ [818] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl07/ [819] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl07/dsvd-sdl.exe [820] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl07/sportv34.txt [821] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl07/sphsasci.zip [822] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl07/sphsword.zip [823] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl07/sphshelp.zip [824] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl07/mdmusrsp.inf [825] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl07/mdmusrvi.inf [826] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl05/ [827] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl05/v34man.zip [828] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl05/usrsdl.exe [829] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl05/mdmusrcr.inf [830] ftp://ftp.usr.com/usr/dl05/mdmusrim.inf [831] mailto:Support@USR.com [832] mailto:Sales@USR.com [833] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [834] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [835] http://www.zoomtel.com/ [836] http://www.zoomtel.com/products.html [837] http://www.zoomtel.com/files.html [838] http://www.zoomtel.com/tech-sup.html [839] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [840] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [841] http://www.zyxel.com/ [842] ftp://ftp.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/vendors/ZyXEL/0-readme [843] http://www.zyxel.com/html/datasheets/brochure.html [844] http://www.zyxel.com/html/datasheets/v34/elite.html [845] http://www.zyxel.com/html/datasheets/v34/omni288s.html [846] http://www.zyxel.com/html/tech.html [847] http://www.zyxel.com/html/manuals/2864.pdf [848] http://www.zyxel.com/html/tech/elite/install-tips/install-tips.html [849] http://www.zyxel.com/html/tech/elite/drivers/zyppi.zip [850] http://www.zyxel.com/html/tech/elite/drivers/win95inf.zip [851] http://www.zyxel.com/html/tech/elite/drivers/winntinf.zip [852] http://www.zyxel.com/html/e_112.zip [853] ftp://www.zyxel.com/pub/elite/2864I/firmware/ei_201.zip [854] ftp://ftp.zyxel.co.at/pub/users/zyxel/ [855] ftp://ftp.csie.nctu.edu.tw/pub/vendors/ZyXEL/ [856] ftp://ftp.zyxel.com/ [857] mailto:tech@zyxel.com [858] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ [859] http://web.aimnet.com/~jnavas/modem/faq.html#FAQ -- End --